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One definition of cottier in Ireland (c. 1700–1850) was a person who rented a simple cabin and between one and one and a half acres of land upon which to grow potatoes, oats, and possibly flax. [8] The ground was held on a year-to-year basis and rent was often paid in labour.
During the 19th century, there were many cases of middlemen renting the land and then sub-letting on conacre to desperate landless labourers or cottiers at a high profit. [ 2 ] In March 2009, a ruling by the Court of Appeal of Northern Ireland removed tax relief on land with development potential which has been let under conacre.
Landlord and Tenant (Ireland) Act 1870: this had little if any practical effect. Land Law (Ireland) Act 1881: Gave tenants real security ("the Three Fs": Fair Rent, Fixity of Tenure and Free Sale). It was too little, too late: by this time the Irish were demanding full proprietorship.
The Public Records Office of Ireland c. 1900. In 1867, under the reign of Queen Victoria, the British Parliament passed the Public Records (Ireland) Act 1867 (30 & 31 Vict. c. 70) to establish the Public Record Office of Ireland which was tasked with collecting administrative, court and probate records over twenty years old. [5]
The Land Law (Ireland) Act 1887 (50 & 51 Vict. c. 33) was Arthur Balfour's major Land Act, which came at the end of the 'Plan of Campaign' agitation. It provided £33,000,000 sterling for land purchase, but contained many complicated legal clauses, so that it was not put fully into effect until amended five years later.
[citation needed] By the sixth century AD, a number of St. Finbarr's disciples were living in Muintir Bhaire. [citation needed] Some time in the sixth or seventh century, the family now known as the O'Mahonys from the Eoghanach in North Munster arrived in the area. By the eighth century they were well settled in Muintir Bhaire. [citation needed]
The Irish National Land League (Irish: Conradh na Talún), also known as the Land League, was an Irish political organisation of the late 19th century which organised tenant farmers in their resistance to exactions of landowners. Its primary aim was to abolish landlordism in Ireland and enable tenant farmers to own the land they worked on.
The immediate occasion for the formation of the League was the Encumbered Estates Act of 1849. The legislation failed to acknowledge the Ulster tenant right.The un-codified custom in Ireland's northern province restrained the freedom of landowners to rack rent and to evict paying tenants at will.