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France began to establish colonies in the Americas, the Caribbean, and India in the 16th century but lost most of its possessions after its defeat in the Seven Years' War. The North American possessions were lost to Britain and Spain, but Spain later returned Louisiana to France in 1800.
[5] [6] The French colonial empire had an enormous impact on world history. France had about 80 colonies throughout its history, the second most colonies in the world behind only the British Empire. [7] Around 40 countries gained independence from France throughout its history, the second most in the world behind only the British Empire. [8]
Map of France's North African possessions Territories controlled by France in the North African Maghreb during the colonial era French North Africa ( French : Afrique du Nord française , sometimes abbreviated to ANF ) is a term often applied to the three territories that were controlled by France in the North African Maghreb during the ...
Nevertheless, in 1959 France amended the constitution to allow other colonies this option. [ 24 ] Farmers in British East Africa were upset by attempts to take their land and to impose agricultural methods against their wishes and experience.
In the 19th century, starting with the Occupation of Algeria in 1830, France began to establish a new empire in Africa and Southeast Asia. The following is a list of all countries that were part of the French colonial empires from 1534; 491 years ago () to the present, either entirely or in part, either under French sovereignty or as mandate.
During the 18th and 19th century, North Africa was colonized by France, the United Kingdom, Spain and Italy. During the 1950s and 1960s, and into the 1970s, all of the North African states gained independence from their colonial European rulers, except for a few small Spanish colonies on the far northern tip of Morocco , and parts of the Sahara ...
The Scramble for Africa [a] was the conquest and colonisation of most of Africa by seven Western European powers driven by the Second Industrial Revolution during the late 19th century and early 20th century in the era of "New Imperialism": Belgium, France, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Portugal and Spain.
In 1958, France proposed a novel constitution for her African colonies; proposed as a “free association of autonomous republics within the French Community”. [11] Ostensibly, France wanted to ensure that her former colonies would successfully develop into stable independent nations.