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Schematic of the Birkeland or Field-Aligned Currents and the ionospheric current systems they connect to, Pedersen and Hall currents. [1]A Birkeland current (also known as field-aligned current, FAC) is a set of electrical currents that flow along geomagnetic field lines connecting the Earth's magnetosphere to the Earth's high latitude ionosphere.
The construction of a magnetorquer is based on the realization of a coil with a defined area and number of turns according to the required performances. However, there are different ways to obtain the coil; thus, depending on the construction strategy, it is possible to find three types of magnetorquer, apparently very different from each other but based on the same concept: [1]
The design of the saturable inductor current sensor is similar to that of a closed-loop Hall-effect current sensor; the only difference is that this method uses the saturable inductor instead of the Hall-effect sensor in the air gap. Saturable inductor current sensor is based on the detection of an inductance change. The saturable inductor is ...
In an EDT system, the best performance for a given tether mass is for a tether diameter chosen to be smaller than an electron Debye length for typical ionospheric ambient conditions (Typical ionospheric conditions in the from 200 to 2000 km altitude range, have a T_e ranging from 0.1 eV to 0.35 eV, and n_e ranging from 10^10 m^-3 to 10^12 m^-3 ...
Schematic view of the different current systems which shape the Earth's magnetosphere. In many MHD systems most of the electric current is compressed into thin nearly-two-dimensional ribbons termed current sheets. [10] These can divide the fluid into magnetic domains, inside of which the currents are relatively weak.
The most important figure of merit of every kind of sensor is its responsivity. The responsivity is defined as the ratio between the output electrical parameters, both current or voltage, and the incident power on the detector. For TMOS sensor working in subthreshold region is 1,25 x 10 7 V/W. [1] =
The differential change in the amplitude of the resonating shuttle shows the strength of the external magnetic field. The sensitivity of the sensor is determined in static mode to be 0.034 μm/mT when a current of 10 mA passes through the shuttle, while it is found to be higher at resonance with a value of 1.35 μm/mT at 8 mA current.
A fiber-optic current sensor (FOCS) is a device designed to measure direct current. Utilizing a single-ended optical fiber wrapped around the current conductor, [1] FOCS exploits the magneto-optic effect (Faraday effect). [2] The FOCS can measure uni- or bi-directional DC currents up to 600 kA, with an accuracy within ±0.1% of the measured value.
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