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Diarrhea; Other names: Diarrhoea (or diarrhœa) An electron micrograph of rotavirus, the cause of nearly 40% of hospitalizations from diarrhea in children under five [1] Specialty: Infectious disease, gastroenterology: Symptoms: Loose frequent bowel movements, dehydration [2] Causes: Usually infection (viral, bacterial, parasitic) [2] Risk factors
Viruses cause about 70% of episodes of infectious diarrhea in the pediatric age group. [13] Rotavirus is a less common cause in adults due to acquired immunity. [27] Norovirus is the cause in about 18% of all cases. [28] Generally speaking, viral gastroenteritis accounts for 21–40% of the cases of infectious diarrhea in developed countries. [29]
Main causes of fecal–oral disease transmission include lack of adequate sanitation (leading to open defecation), and poor hygiene practices. If soil or water bodies are polluted with fecal material, humans can be infected with waterborne diseases or soil-transmitted diseases. Fecal contamination of food is another form of fecal-oral transmission.
Bile acid malabsorption (BAM), known also as bile acid diarrhea, is a cause of several gut-related problems, the main one being chronic diarrhea.It has also been called bile acid-induced diarrhea, cholerheic or choleretic enteropathy, bile salt diarrhea or bile salt malabsorption.
Occasional deaths occur in young, previously healthy individuals because of blood volume depletion (due to dehydration), and in people who are elderly or immunocompromised. [ citation needed ] Some individuals (1–2 in 100,000 cases) develop Guillain–Barré syndrome , in which the nerves that join the spinal cord and brain to the rest of the ...
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Gastroduodenal Crohn's disease causes inflammation in the stomach and the first part of the small intestine called the duodenum. Jejunoileitis causes spotty patches of inflammation in the top half of the small intestine, called the jejunum. [170] The disease can attack any part of the digestive tract, from mouth to anus.
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