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The Tyrer-Cuzek Risk Assessment Calculator was released in 2017 by Jack Cuzick, PhD, whose work has been funded by the Breast Cancer Research Foundation since 2011. The online questionnaire ...
The Nottingham prognostic index (NPI) is used to determine prognosis following surgery for breast cancer. [1] [2] Its value is calculated using three pathological criteria: the size of the tumour; the number of involved lymph nodes; and the grade of the tumour. [1] It is calculated to select patients for adjuvant treatment.
The result is a lifetime risk and a five-year risk based on factors that have been tied to a higher risk of breast cancer. For comparison, it also gives an average risk for U.S. women of the same ...
Some women with a high risk of breast cancer can be prescribed tamoxifen; the estrogen-blocking drug is used to treat breast cancer at high doses, but it can also be used at lower doses to reduce ...
The site began in 1998 as a pen and paper questionnaire called the Harvard Cancer Risk Index. [2] In January 2000, The Harvard Cancer Risk Index developed into an online assessment and was renamed Your Cancer Risk, and offered assessments for four cancers: breast, colon, lung, and prostate. Six months later, eight additional cancers were added. [3]
For example, the incidence of breast cancer in a woman in the United Kingdom at age 55 to 59 is estimated at 280 cases per 100.000 per year, [6] and the risk factor of having been exposed to high-dose ionizing radiation to the chest (for example, as treatments for other cancers) confers a relative risk of breast cancer between 2.1 and 4.0, [7 ...
The Tyrer-Cuzik Model and the Black Women's Health Study (BWHS) Breast Cancer Risk Calculator also include race and ethnicity in the assessment. The BOADICEA calculates risk for breast and for ...
Screening targeted towards women with above-average risk produces more benefit than screening of women at average or low risk for breast cancer. A 2013 Cochrane review estimated that mammography in women between 50 and 75 years old results in a relative decreased risk of death from breast cancer of 15% and an absolute risk reduction of 0.05%. [3]