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  2. Observational methods in psychology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observational_Methods_in...

    Inherent in conducting observational research is the risk of observer bias influencing your study's results. The main observer biases to be wary of are expectancy effects . When the observer has an expectation as to what they will observe, they are more likely to report that they saw what they expected.

  3. List of psychological research methods - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_psychological...

    Qualitative psychological research findings are not arrived at by statistical or other quantitative procedures. Quantitative psychological research findings result from mathematical modeling and statistical estimation or statistical inference. The two types of research differ in the methods employed, rather than the topics they focus on.

  4. Observational study - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observational_study

    Anthropological survey paper from 1961 by Juhan Aul from University of Tartu who measured about 50 000 people. In fields such as epidemiology, social sciences, psychology and statistics, an observational study draws inferences from a sample to a population where the independent variable is not under the control of the researcher because of ethical concerns or logistical constraints.

  5. Observational techniques - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observational_techniques

    Observational research is a method of data collection that has become associated with qualitative research. [1] Compared with quantitative research and experimental research, observational research tends to be less reliable but often more valid [citation needed]. The main advantage of observational research is flexibility.

  6. Psychological research - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_research

    Cross-sectional research is a research method often used in developmental psychology, but also utilized in many other areas including social science and education. This type of study utilizes different groups of people who differ in the variable of interest, but share other characteristics such as socioeconomic status, educational background ...

  7. Observer bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer_bias

    Another key example of observer bias is a 1963 study, "Psychology of the Scientist: V. Three Experiments in Experimenter Bias", [9] published by researchers Robert Rosenthal and Kermit L. Fode at the University of North Dakota. In this study, Rosenthal and Fode gave a group of twelve psychology students a total of sixty rats to run in some ...

  8. Observer effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer_effect

    Hawthorne effect, a form of reactivity in which subjects modify an aspect of their behavior, in response to their knowing that they are being studied; Observer-expectancy effect, a form of reactivity in which a researcher's cognitive bias causes them to unconsciously influence the participants of an experiment

  9. Observational learning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observational_learning

    Observational learning suggests that an individual's environment, cognition, and behavior all incorporate and ultimately determine how the individual functions and models. [2] Through observational learning, individual behaviors can spread across a culture through a process called diffusion chain. This basically occurs when an individual first ...