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Negative-strand RNA viruses (−ssRNA viruses) are a group of related viruses that have negative-sense, single-stranded genomes made of ribonucleic acid (RNA). They have genomes that act as complementary strands from which messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized by the viral enzyme RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp).
Negative-sense ssRNA viruses (Group V) must have their genome copied by an RNA replicase to form positive-sense RNA. This means that the virus must bring along with it the enzyme RNA replicase. The positive-sense RNA molecule then acts as viral mRNA, which is translated into proteins by the host ribosomes.
Genome type and replication cycle of different RNA viruses. RNA viruses in Orthornavirae typically do not encode many proteins, but most positive-sense, single-stranded (+ssRNA) viruses and some double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses encode a major capsid protein that has a single jelly roll fold, so named because the folded structure of the protein contains a structure that resembles a jelly ...
Incidence of infection is closely linked to vector activity, for example, mosquito-borne viruses are more common in the summer. [ 6 ] Human infections with certain members of Bunyavirales , such as Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus , are associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality, consequently handling of these viruses ...
Three different genotypes are found in human Aichi virus, represented as genotype A, B, and C. [3] AiV is a non-enveloped positive sense ssRNA virus with icosahedral morphology. [3] Aichivirus A was originally identified after a 1989 outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in the Aichi Prefecture that was linked to raw oyster consumption per genetic ...
Orthomyxoviridae (from Ancient Greek ὀρθός (orthós) 'straight' and μύξα (mýxa) 'mucus') [1] is a family of negative-sense RNA viruses.It includes seven genera: Alphainfluenzavirus, Betainfluenzavirus, Gammainfluenzavirus, Deltainfluenzavirus, Isavirus, Thogotovirus, and Quaranjavirus.
Plus strand ssRNA synthesis (this acts as the mRNA) synthesis, which is mediated by VP1, VP3 and VP2; Formation of the viroplasm, viral RNA packaging and minus strand RNA synthesis and formation of the double-layered virus particles; Virus particle maturation and release of progeny virions
Virus infections start when viral particles bind to host surface cellular receptors. [158] Protein modeling experiments on the spike protein of the virus soon suggested that SARS‑CoV‑2 has sufficient affinity to the receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on human cells to use them as a mechanism of cell entry. [159]