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Richard and Judy Book Club display at W.H. Smith, Enfield. The following is a list of books from the Richard & Judy Book Club, featured on the television chat show. The show was cancelled in 2009, but since 2010 the lists have been continued by the Richard and Judy Book Club, a website run in conjunction with retailer W. H. Smith.
From a combined iron and steel production of 203 million tons in 1979, US output fell almost in half, to 107 million tons in 1982. Some steel companies declared bankruptcy, and many permanently closed steelmaking plants. By 1989, US combined iron and steel production recovered to 142 million tons, a much lower level than in the 1960s and 1970s.
1340 – In Liège, Belgium, the first blast furnaces for the production of iron are developed [1] 1448 – Johann Gutenberg develops type metal alloy; 1450s – Cristallo, a clear soda-based glass, is invented by Angelo Barovier; 1540 – Vannoccio Biringuccio publishes first systematic book on metallurgy
The history of materials science is the study of how different materials were used and developed through the history of Earth and how those materials affected the culture of the peoples of the Earth. The term " Silicon Age " is sometimes used to refer to the modern period of history during the late 20th to early 21st centuries.
List of first minority male lawyers and judges in Texas; List of first women lawyers and judges in Texas; List of Texas state legislatures; List of the Cenozoic life of Texas; List of the Mesozoic life of Texas; List of the Paleozoic life of Texas; List of the prehistoric life of Texas; List of lynchings in Texas in 1922
In 2022, the U.S. was the third-largest producer of raw steel worldwide, after China and India, and ranked sixth in pig iron production. By November 2024, the industry produced over 74 million net tons annually. The industry produced over 74 million net tons per year as of November 2024. [1]
Metallurgy derives from the Ancient Greek μεταλλουργός, metallourgós, "worker in metal", from μέταλλον, métallon, "mine, metal" + ἔργον, érgon, "work" The word was originally an alchemist's term for the extraction of metals from minerals, the ending -urgy signifying a process, especially manufacturing: it was discussed in this sense in the 1797 Encyclopædia ...
This process greatly improved the quantity and quality of steel production. It added three hours firing time and required large quantities of coke. In making crucible steel, the blister steel bars were broken into pieces and melted in small crucibles, each containing 20 kg or so. This produced higher quality metal, but increased the cost.