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For video transfers, transferring a "soft matte" film to a home video format with the full frame exposed, thus removing the mattes at the top and bottom, is referred to as an "open matte transfer." In contrast, transferring a "hard matte" film to a home video format with the theatrical mattes intact is referred to as a "closed matte transfer."
Open matte is a filming technique that involves matting out the top and bottom of the film frame in the movie projector (known as a soft matte) for the widescreen theatrical release and then scanning the film without a matte (at Academy ratio) for a full screen home video release. It is roughly equivalent to an uncropped version of the film.
Through the use of these IDR frames, closed GOPs are formed that can’t refer to frames outside the GOP. [2] IDR are the true keyframes together with clean random access frames (recovery points). P frame (predictive coded picture) – contains motion-compensated difference information relative to previously decoded pictures.
Film originally created in the 4:3 aspect ratio does not need to be altered for full-screen release. In contrast, other aspect ratios can be converted to full screen using techniques such as pan and scan, open matte or reframing. In pan and scan, the 4:3 image is extracted from within the original frame by cropping the sides of the film.
First known film is the first film (not including tests) made with the format and intended for release. Negative gauge is the film gauge (width) used for the original camera negative. Negative aspect ratio is the image ratio determined by the ratio of the gate dimensions multiplied by the anamorphic power of the camera lenses (1× in the case ...
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