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In 2019, a marble statue claimed to be of Alexander found by amateur Greek archaeologist Calliope Limneos-Papakosta in the Shallalat Gardens, which occupy the ancient royal quarter in Alexandria. [33] In 2021, Egyptian officials claimed they had found Alexander the Great's tomb in Siwa Oasis, an urban area near the Libyan border with Egypt. [34]
Archaeological site of Pella, Greece, Alexander's birthplace. Alexander III was born in Pella, the capital of the Kingdom of Macedon, [10] on the sixth day of the ancient Greek month of Hekatombaion, which probably corresponds to 20 July 356 BC (although the exact date is uncertain).
The Alexander Mosaic of Pompeii, depicting Alexander the Great, king of Macedon, wearing the linothorax [6] Beginning around 575 BC, artists in the Aegean often show a distinctive style of armour with a smooth piece wrapped around the chest, two flaps over the shoulders, and a skirt of flaps covering the hips and belly. [7]
According to legend, Alexander went on pilgrimage to the Siwa Oasis, the sanctuary of the Greco-Egyptian deity Zeus Ammon in 331 BC. There, he was pronounced by the Oracle to be the son of Zeus Ammon, [2] allowing him to therefore have the Horns of Ammon, which themselves followed from Egyptian iconography of Ammon as a ram-headed god or, in his Greek-form, a man with ram horns. [3]
It is also thought that pre-Islamic Arabic versions of the Alexander Romance may have existed. [4] However, a major flaw of this theory is Alexander the Great was known to be a follower of the pagan Ancient Greek religion [5] therefore making it difficult to align him with the 'Dhul-Qarnayn' of the Quran who was a believer in Allah, one God ...
Many Alexander legends are found in the writings of the Greek historian Plutarch, such as that Alexander was born in the same day that the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus was burnt down, during which the god Artemis was too preoccupied with his birth to pay the requisite attention needed to save her burning temple. Later in life when Alexander ...
There is evidence to suggest that orally transmitted legends about Alexander the Great found their way to the Quran. [26] In the story of Dhu al-Qarnayn, "The Two-Horned One" (chapter al-Kahf, verse 83–94), Dhu al-Qarnayn is identified by most Western and traditional Muslim scholars as a reference to Alexander the Great. [27] [28] [29]
Hephaestion (Ancient Greek: Ἡφαιστίων Hēphaistíōn; c. 356 BC – October 324 BC), son of Amyntor, was an ancient Macedonian nobleman of probable "Attic or Ionian extraction" [3] and a general in the army of Alexander the Great.