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In some cases, the actual name of the account is not the determining factor; on Unix-like systems, for example, the user with a user identifier (UID) of zero is the superuser [i.e., uid=0], regardless of the name of that account; [1] and in systems which implement a role-based security model, any user with the role of superuser (or its synonyms ...
The Unix command su, which stands for 'substitute user' [1] [2] (or historically 'superuser' [3] [4]), is used by a computer user to execute commands with the privileges of another user account. When executed it invokes a shell without changing the current working directory or the user environment.
sudo (/ s uː d uː / [4]) is a program for Unix-like computer operating systems that enables users to run programs with the security privileges of another user, by default the superuser. [5] It originally stood for "superuser do", [ 6 ] as that was all it did, and this remains its most common usage; [ 7 ] however, the official Sudo project ...
Ordinary users are granted only enough permissions to accomplish their most common tasks. UNIX systems have built-in security features. Most users cannot set up a new user account nor do other administrative procedures. The user “root” is a special user, something called super-user, which can do anything at all on the system.
Unix-like operating systems identify a user by a value called a user identifier, often abbreviated to user ID or UID.The UID, along with the group identifier (GID) and other access control criteria, is used to determine which system resources a user can access.
A directory whose "sticky bit" is set becomes a directory in which the deletion of files is restricted. A file in a sticky directory may only be removed or renamed by a user if the user has write permission for the directory and the user is the owner of the file, the owner of the directory, or the super-user.
URL is a useful but informal concept: a URL is a type of URI that identifies a resource via a representation of its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"), rather than by some other attributes it may have. [19] As such, a URL is simply a URI that happens to point to a resource over a network.
A superuser account is an account that exists outside the scope of the system's security policy, hence in UNIX root can modify files that the permissions bits give him no access to. Single-user systems like DOS, OS <X, Win95/98/ME, and BeOS lack superuser accounts since they lack security policies.