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The patella (pl.: patellae or patellas), also known as the kneecap, is a flat, rounded triangular bone which articulates with the femur (thigh bone) and covers and protects the anterior articular surface of the knee joint. The patella is found in many tetrapods, such as mice, cats, birds and dogs, but not in whales, or most reptiles.
The patellar tendon is a strong, flat ligament, which originates on the apex of the patella distally and adjoining margins of the patella and the rough depression on its posterior surface; below, it inserts on the tuberosity of the tibia; its superficial fibers are continuous over the front of the patella with those of the tendon of the quadriceps femoris.
Patellar tendinitis, also known as jumper's knee, is an overuse injury of the tendon that straightens the knee. [1] Symptoms include pain in the front of the knee. [1] Typically the pain and tenderness is at the lower part of the kneecap, though the upper part may also be affected. [2] Generally there is no pain when the person is at rest. [2]
Relatively common [2] Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS; not to be confused with jumper's knee) is knee pain as a result of problems between the kneecap and the femur. [4] The pain is generally in the front of the knee and comes on gradually. [2][4] Pain may worsen with sitting down with a bent knee for long periods of time, excessive use, or ...
Patella fracture. Based on symptom, confirmed with X-rays. [3] A patella fracture is a break of the kneecap. [1] Symptoms include pain, swelling, and bruising to the front of the knee. [1] A person may also be unable to walk. [1] Complications may include injury to the tibia, femur, or knee ligaments. [2]
Articular surfaces of femur Articular surfaces of tibia. The knee is a modified hinge joint, a type of synovial joint, which is composed of three functional compartments: the patellofemoral articulation, consisting of the patella, or "kneecap", and the patellar groove on the front of the femur through which it slides; and the medial and lateral tibiofemoral articulations linking the femur, or ...
Osgood–Schlatter disease (OSD) is inflammation of the patellar ligament at the tibial tuberosity (apophysitis) [3] usually affecting adolescents during growth spurts. [5] It is characterized by a painful bump just below the knee that is worse with activity and better with rest. [3] Episodes of pain typically last a few weeks to months. [6]
A patellar dislocation is a knee injury in which the patella (kneecap) slips out of its normal position. [5] Often the knee is partly bent, painful and swollen. [1] [2] The patella is also often felt and seen out of place. [1] Complications may include a patella fracture or arthritis. [3]