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2. Bohr–Einstein debates - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohr–Einstein_debates

   The Bohr–Einstein debates were a series of public disputes about quantum mechanics between Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr. Their debates are remembered because of their importance to the philosophy of science, insofar as the disagreements—and the outcome of Bohr's version of quantum mechanics becoming the prevalent view—form the root of ...

3. Copenhagen interpretation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen_interpretation

   The Copenhagen interpretation is a collection of views about the meaning of quantum mechanics, stemming from the work of Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, Max Born, and others. [1] While "Copenhagen" refers to the Danish city, the use as an "interpretation" was apparently coined by Heisenberg during the 1950s to refer to ideas developed in the ...

4. History of quantum mechanics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_quantum_mechanics

   10 of the most influential figures in the history of quantum mechanics. Left to right: Max Planck, Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr, Louis de Broglie, Max Born, Paul Dirac, Werner Heisenberg, Wolfgang Pauli, Erwin Schrödinger, Richard Feynman. The history of quantum mechanics is a fundamental part of the history of modern physics.

5. Einstein's thought experiments - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein's_thought_experiments

   Einstein tried very hard to show that quantum mechanics was inconsistent; Bohr, however, was always able to counter his arguments. But in his final attack Einstein pointed to something so deep, so counterintuitive, so troubling, and yet so exciting, that at the beginning of the twenty-first century it has returned to fascinate theoretical ...

6. Hidden-variable theory - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidden-variable_theory

   The debates between Bohr and Einstein essentially concluded in 1935, when Einstein finally expressed what is widely considered his best argument for the incompleteness of quantum mechanics. Einstein, Boris Podolsky, and Nathan Rosen had proposed in a paper their definition of a "complete" description as one that uniquely determines the values ...

7. Interpretations of quantum mechanics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpretations_of_quantum...

   t. e. An interpretation of quantum mechanics is an attempt to explain how the mathematical theory of quantum mechanics might correspond to experienced reality. Quantum mechanics has held up to rigorous and extremely precise tests in an extraordinarily broad range of experiments. However, there exist a number of contending schools of thought ...

8. Quantum mechanics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanics

   v. t. e. Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory that describes the behavior of nature at and below the scale of atoms. [2]: 1.1 It is the foundation of all quantum physics, which includes quantum chemistry, quantum field theory, quantum technology, and quantum information science. Quantum mechanics can describe many systems that classical ...

9. Complementarity (physics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complementarity_(physics)

   e. In physics, complementarity is a conceptual aspect of quantum mechanics that Niels Bohr regarded as an essential feature of the theory. [1][2] The complementarity principle holds that certain pairs of complementary properties cannot all be observed or measured simultaneously. For example, position and momentum or wave and particle properties.