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A vertex of an angle is the endpoint where two lines or rays come together. In geometry, a vertex (pl.: vertices or vertexes) is a point where two or more curves, lines, or edges meet or intersect. As a consequence of this definition, the point where two lines meet to form an angle and the corners of polygons and polyhedra are vertices. [1] [2] [3]
A graph with 6 vertices and 7 edges where the vertex number 6 on the far-left is a leaf vertex or a pendant vertex. In discrete mathematics, and more specifically in graph theory, a vertex (plural vertices) or node is the fundamental unit of which graphs are formed: an undirected graph consists of a set of vertices and a set of edges (unordered pairs of vertices), while a directed graph ...
Example graph that has a vertex cover comprising 2 vertices (bottom), but none with fewer. In graph theory, a vertex cover (sometimes node cover) of a graph is a set of vertices that includes at least one endpoint of every edge of the graph. In computer science, the problem of finding a minimum vertex cover is a classical optimization problem.
For example, Kuratowski's Theorem states: A graph is planar if it contains as a subdivision neither the complete bipartite graph K 3,3 nor the complete graph K 5. Another problem in subdivision containment is the Kelmans–Seymour conjecture: Every 5-vertex-connected graph that is not planar contains a subdivision of the 5-vertex complete graph ...
In the geometry of plane curves, a vertex is a point of where the first derivative of curvature is zero. [1] This is typically a local maximum or minimum of curvature, [ 2 ] and some authors define a vertex to be more specifically a local extremum of curvature. [ 3 ]
In the mathematical field of graph theory, an automorphism is a permutation of the vertices such that edges are mapped to edges and non-edges are mapped to non-edges. [1] A graph is a vertex-transitive graph if, given any two vertices v 1 and v 2 of G, there is an automorphism f such that
A graceful labeling; vertex labels are in black and edge labels in red. A graph is known as graceful if its vertices are labeled from 0 to | E |, the size of the graph, and if this vertex labeling induces an edge labeling from 1 to | E |. For any edge e, the label of e is the positive difference between the labels of the two vertices incident ...
A graph with three vertices and three edges. A graph (sometimes called an undirected graph to distinguish it from a directed graph, or a simple graph to distinguish it from a multigraph) [4] [5] is a pair G = (V, E), where V is a set whose elements are called vertices (singular: vertex), and E is a set of unordered pairs {,} of vertices, whose elements are called edges (sometimes links or lines).