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Furthermore, saturation effects can lead to a gross underestimation of divergence time. This is mainly attributed to the randomization of the phylogenetic signal with the number of observed sequence mutations and substitutions. The effects of saturation can mask the true amount of divergence time leading to inaccurate phylogenetic trees. [1] [2]
Saturation mutagenesis is commonly achieved by site-directed mutagenesis PCR with a randomised codon in the primers (e.g. SeSaM) [2] or by artificial gene synthesis, with a mixture of synthesis nucleotides used at the codons to be randomised. [3] Different degenerate codons can be used to encode sets of amino acids. [1]
Saturation (magnetic), the state when a magnetic material is fully magnetized; Saturated fluid or saturated vapor, contains as much thermal energy as it can without boiling or condensing Saturated steam; Dew point, which is a temperature that occurs when atmospheric relative humidity reaches 100% and the air is saturated with moisture
A saturated compound is a chemical compound (or ion) that resists addition reactions, such as hydrogenation, oxidative addition, and binding of a Lewis base. The term is used in many contexts and classes of chemical compounds.
The oxygen–hemoglobin dissociation curve, also called the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve or oxygen dissociation curve (ODC), is a curve that plots the proportion of hemoglobin in its saturated (oxygen-laden) form on the vertical axis against the prevailing oxygen tension on the horizontal axis. This curve is an important tool for ...
The fractional saturation Y O2 of the myoglobin is what proportion of the total myoglobin concentration is made up of oxygen-bound myoglobin, which can be rearranged as the concentration of free oxygen over the sum of that concentration and the dissociation constant K. Since diatomic oxygen is a gas, its concentration in solution can be thought ...
The fugacity of a condensed phase (liquid or solid) is defined the same way as for a gas: = and = It is difficult to measure fugacity in a condensed phase directly; but if the condensed phase is saturated (in equilibrium with the vapor phase), the chemical potentials of the two phases are equal (μ c = μ g).
Saturable absorption is a property of materials where the absorption of light decreases with increasing light intensity.Most materials show some saturable absorption, but often only at very high optical intensities (close to the optical damage).