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  2. Test of Word Reading Efficiency Second Edition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_Of_Word_Reading...

    This test has three subtests which are Form A (Letter Word Identification), Form B (Passage Comprehension) and Form C (Word Attack). [13] These three subtests can be either jointly used or used separately. [13]

  3. Word recognition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_recognition

    Word recognition is a manner of reading based upon the immediate perception of what word a familiar grouping of letters represents. This process exists in opposition to phonetics and word analysis, as a different method of recognizing and verbalizing visual language (i.e. reading). [8] Word recognition functions primarily on automaticity.

  4. Indirect tests of memory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indirect_tests_of_memory

    The word fragment completion test (WFC) is a test designed to measure memory of words presented to participants. Words that were previously shown to participants are presented again in a fragmented form (i.e. missing letters) with the task of retrieving the missing letters from memory to complete it. [1]

  5. Missing letter effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missing_letter_effect

    The position of letters in words and the position of suffix morphemes have an influence on word identification, letter detection, and the missing letter effect in texts. [20] [21] [22] The letters at the start and end of words, or the first and last letter of a word, contribute to how people read and recognize words. [21]

  6. Letter frequency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_frequency

    The California Job Case was a compartmentalized box for printing in the 19th century, sizes corresponding to the commonality of letters. The frequency of letters in text has been studied for use in cryptanalysis, and frequency analysis in particular, dating back to the Arab mathematician al-Kindi (c. AD 801–873 ), who formally developed the method (the ciphers breakable by this technique go ...

  7. Rapid automatized naming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_automatized_naming

    Rapid automatized naming (RAN) is a task that measures how quickly individuals can name aloud objects, pictures, colors, or symbols (letters or digits). Variations in rapid automatized naming time in children provide a strong predictor of their later ability to read, and is independent from other predictors such as phonological awareness, verbal IQ, and existing reading skills. [1]

  8. Woodcock–Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodcock–Johnson_Tests_of...

    The Cattell–Horn–Carroll theory factors that this test examines are based on 9 broad stratum abilities, although the test is able to produce 20 scores [4] only seven of these broad abilities are more commonly measured: comprehension-knowledge (Gc), fluid reasoning (Gf), short-term memory (Gsm), processing speed (Gs), auditory processing (Ga), visual-spatial ability (Gv), and long-term ...

  9. Word superiority effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_superiority_effect

    Studies have also found a WSE when letter identification within words is compared to letter identification within pseudowords [2] (e.g. "WOSK") and pseudohomophones [3] (e.g. "WERK"). The effect was first described by Cattell (1886), [ 4 ] and important contributions came from Reicher (1969) [ 5 ] and Wheeler (1970). [ 6 ]