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Copper is essential in the aerobic respiration of all eukaryotes. In mitochondria, it is found in cytochrome c oxidase, which is the last protein in oxidative phosphorylation. Cytochrome c oxidase is the protein that binds the O 2 between a copper and an iron; the protein transfers 4 electrons to the O 2 molecule to reduce it to two molecules ...
The enzyme cytochrome c oxidase or Complex IV (was EC 1.9.3.1, now reclassified as a translocase EC 7.1.1.9) is a large transmembrane protein complex found in bacteria, archaea, and the mitochondria of eukaryotes.
It contains two adjacent transmembrane regions in its N-terminus and the major part of the protein is exposed to the periplasmic or to the mitochondrial intermembrane space, respectively. MT-CO2 provides the substrate-binding site and contains the binuclear copper A center, probably the primary acceptor in cytochrome c oxidase. [12] [13] [5]
Location of the MT-CO1 gene in the human mitochondrial genome.MT-CO1 is one of the three cytochrome c oxidase subunit mitochondrial genes (orange boxes).. Cytochrome c oxidase I (COX1) also known as mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I (MT-CO1) is a protein that is encoded by the MT-CO1 gene in eukaryotes. [6]
SCO2 cytochrome c oxidase assembly (also known as SCO2 homolog, mitochondrial and SCO cytochrome oxidase deficient homolog 2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SCO2 gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] The encoded protein is one of the cytochrome c oxidase (COX) (Complex IV) assembly factors.
Cytochrome c is widely believed to be localised solely in the mitochondrial intermembrane space under normal physiological conditions. [27] The release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to the cytosol, where it activates the caspase family of proteases, is believed to be the primary trigger leading to the onset of apoptosis. [28]
Cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COA6 gene. [5] Mitochondrial respiratory chain Complex IV, or cytochrome c oxidase, is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from intermembrane space cytochrome c to molecular oxygen in the matrix and as a consequence contributes to the proton gradient involved in ...
COX4I1 encodes a protein that is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane and is an isoform of the nuclear-encoded subunit IV of cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV), the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.