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Research conducted on role theory mainly centers around the concepts of consensus, role conflict, role taking, and conformity. [1] The theatre is a metaphor often used to describe role theory. Although the word role (or roll ) has existed in European languages for centuries, as a sociological concept, the term has only been around since the ...
Role enhancement or role enrichment refers to a situation in which roles which are held by a person are compatible and moreover enacting one role has beneficial spillover effects on the enactment of the other role. An example of role enhancement is a nurse who assists a patient in improving relationships by "clarifying and supplementing ...
Role-taking theory (or social perspective taking) is the social-psychological concept that one of the most important factors in facilitating social cognition in children is the growing ability to understand others’ feelings and perspectives, an ability that emerges as a result of general cognitive growth. [1]
The term role model is credited to sociologist Robert K. Merton, [2] [3] who hypothesized that individuals compare themselves with reference groups of people who occupy the social role to which the individual aspires, [4] an example of which is the way young fans may idolize and imitate professional athletes or entertainment artists.
For example, the role taker may misunderstand the role sender's prescribed tasks or the miscommunication can occur the other way, as well. If a role taker is seemingly enthusiastic about taking on many tasks within various roles, this may be communicated to the role sender and he or she may be given conflicting role requirements.
Positioning theory originated in the 1990s from Positioning: the discursive production of selves, which looked to solve a problem that arose "out of a discussion about the problems inherent in the use of the concept of role in developing a social psychology of selfhood". [1]
An example in social psychology would be the combination of a person's beliefs about women and their beliefs about business. If women are not generally perceived to be in business, but the person meets a woman who is, a new subtype of businesswoman may be created, and the information perceived will be incorporated into this subtype.
The terms refer to the psychology of the individual, where in Mead's understanding, the "me" is the socialized aspect of the person, and the "I" is the active aspect of the person. [1] One might usefully 'compare Mead's "I" and "me", respectively, with Sartre's "choice" and "the situation".