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In organic chemistry, a functional group is a substituent or moiety in a molecule that causes the molecule's characteristic chemical reactions.The same functional group will undergo the same or similar chemical reactions regardless of the rest of the molecule's composition.
In chemistry, functionality is the presence of functional groups in a molecule. A monofunctional molecule possesses one functional group, a bifunctional (or difunctional) two, a trifunctional three, and so forth. In organic chemistry (and other fields of chemistry), a molecule's functionality has a decisive influence on its reactivity.
The concept of functional groups is central in organic chemistry, both as a means to classify structures and for predicting properties. A functional group is a molecular module, and the reactivity of that functional group is assumed, within limits, to be the same in a variety of molecules.
A phenyl group is the simplest aryl group, here bonded to an "R" group. In organic chemistry, an aryl is any functional group or substituent derived from an aromatic ring, usually an aromatic hydrocarbon, such as phenyl and naphthyl. [1] "Aryl" is used for the sake of abbreviation or generalization, and "Ar" is used as a placeholder for the ...
Tosyl group (blue) with a generic "R" group attached Tosylate group with a generic "R" group attached. Note the extra oxygen, compared to plain tosyl. In organic chemistry, a toluenesulfonyl group (tosyl group, abbreviated Ts or Tos [nb 1]) is a univalent functional group with the chemical formula −SO 2 −C 6 H 4 −CH 3.
It also contains an ester functional group (in red), and an acetyl functional group (encircled with dark green). Other divisions can be made. In organic chemistry, a moiety (/ ˈ m ɔɪ ə t i / MOY-ə-tee) is a part of a molecule [1] [2] that is given a name because it is identified as a part of other molecules as well.
The structure of the acetoxy group blue. In organic chemistry, the acetoxy group (abbr. AcO or OAc; IUPAC name: acetyloxy [1]), is a functional group with the formula −OCOCH 3 and the structure −O−C(=O)−CH 3. As the -oxy suffix implies, it differs from the acetyl group (−C(=O)−CH 3) by the presence of an additional oxygen atom.
In organic chemistry, an acetyl group is a functional group denoted by the chemical formula −COCH 3 and the structure −C(=O)−CH 3. It is sometimes represented by the symbol Ac [5] [6] (not to be confused with the element actinium). In IUPAC nomenclature, an acetyl group is called an ethanoyl group.
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