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French language map of Ruanda-Urundi, c. 1929–1938 Both Rwanda and Burundi were assigned to the German Empire in the Berlin Conference of 1884–85. [9] Germany did not rule over the kingdoms themselves, but instead chose to rule indirectly through their monarchies, [6] making them the westernmost part of the German East Africa colony.
Ruanda-Urundi (French pronunciation: [ʁwɑ̃da uʁundi]), [a] later Rwanda-Burundi, was a geopolitical entity, once part of German East Africa, that was occupied by troops from the Belgian Congo during the East African campaign in World War I and was administered by Belgium under military occupation from 1916 to 1922.
The origins of Burundi are known from a mix of oral history and archaeology. [1] There are two main founding legends for Burundi. Both suggest that the nation was founded by a man named Cambarantama. The other version, more common in pre-colonial Burundi says that Cambarantama came from the southern state of Buha. [2]
The German army stationed in Burundi was forced to retreat by the numerical superiority of the Belgian army and by 17 June 1916, Burundi and Rwanda were occupied. The Force Publique and the British Lake Force then started a thrust to capture Tabora , an administrative centre of central German East Africa.
Rwanda was created as a republic governed by the majority MDR-Parmehutu, which had gained full control of national politics. In 1963, a Tutsi guerrilla invasion into Rwanda from Burundi unleashed another anti-Tutsi backlash by the Hutu government; their forces killed an estimated 14,000 people.
Ruanda-Urundi (dark green) depicted within the Belgian colonial empire (light green), 1935.This is a list of European colonial administrators responsible for the territory of Ruanda-Urundi, an area equivalent to modern-day Rwanda and Burundi.
Burundi came under the control of Germany. [1] 1922: 20 July: Burundi and Rwanda were joined into the League of Nations mandate of Ruanda-Urundi, governed by Belgium. [1] 1962: 1 July: Burundi received independence from Belgium. [1] 1965: 15 January: Prime Minister Pierre Ngendandumwe was assassinated by a Rwandan Tutsi. 1966: 28 November
Rwanda, [a] officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley of East Africa, where the African Great Lakes region and Southeast Africa converge. Located a few degrees south of the Equator , Rwanda is bordered by Uganda , Tanzania , Burundi , and the Democratic Republic of the Congo .