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  2. Confirmation bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confirmation_bias

    As a striking illustration of confirmation bias in the real world, Nickerson mentions numerological pyramidology: the practice of finding meaning in the proportions of the Egyptian pyramids. [ 3 ] : 190 There are many different length measurements that can be made of, for example, the Great Pyramid of Giza and many ways to combine or manipulate ...

  3. List of cognitive biases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases

    Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for, interpret, focus on and remember information in a way that confirms one's preconceptions. [31] There are multiple other cognitive biases which involve or are types of confirmation bias: Backfire effect, a tendency to react to disconfirming evidence by strengthening one's previous beliefs. [32]

  4. Selective exposure theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_exposure_theory

    Selective exposure has also been known and defined as "congeniality bias" or "confirmation bias" in various texts throughout the years. [1] According to the historical use of the term, people tend to select specific aspects of exposed information which they incorporate into their mindset.

  5. Frequency illusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_illusion

    Confirmation bias takes effect in the later stages of selective attention, when the individual has already started noticing the specific stimulus. By focusing on this specific stimulus, the individual notices it more, therefore confirming their suspicions of it occurring more frequently, even though in reality the frequency has not changed.

  6. Cherry picking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry_picking

    Some scholars classify cherry-picking as a fallacy of selective attention, the most common example of which is the confirmation bias. [3] Cherry picking can refer to the selection of data or data sets so a study or survey will give desired, predictable results which may be misleading or even completely contrary to reality. [4]

  7. Texas sharpshooter fallacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_sharpshooter_fallacy

    Anthropic principle – Hypothesis about sapient life and the universe; Availability heuristic – Bias towards recently acquired information; Confirmation biasBias confirming existing attitudes; Data dredging – Misuse of data analysis, also known as p-hacking; HARKing – Acronym for "Hypothesizing after the results are known"

  8. Selection bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection_bias

    Selection bias is the bias introduced by the selection of individuals, groups, or data for analysis in such a way that proper randomization is not achieved, thereby failing to ensure that the sample obtained is representative of the population intended to be analyzed. [1]

  9. Congruence bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congruence_bias

    Congruence bias is the tendency of people to over-rely on testing their initial hypothesis (the most congruent one) while neglecting to test alternative hypotheses. That is, people rarely try experiments that could disprove their initial belief, but rather try to repeat their initial results. It is a special case of the confirmation bias.