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However, some patients may need sedation and the very anxious/agitated patient may even need a general anesthetic. Informed consent is obtained before the procedure. The main risks are bleeding and perforation. The risk is increased when a biopsy or other intervention is performed.
Endoscopy may be used to investigate symptoms in the digestive system including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, difficulty swallowing, and gastrointestinal bleeding. [6] It is also used in diagnosis, most commonly by performing a biopsy to check for conditions such as anemia , bleeding, inflammation , and cancers of the digestive system . [ 6 ]
Transnasal esophagoscopy is an office based procedure in which the patient is anesthetized locally in the nose and sometimes the oropharynx.The scope is advanced into the ipsilateral pyriform sinus and through the esophageal inlet to the stomach, where the esophagus can be examined, with special attention paid to the gastroesophageal (GE) junction. [10]
Mild or moderate sedation can be induced with medications such as midazolam (a benzodiazepine with sedating, amnesiac qualities), fentanyl (an opioid), or propofol (a sedative/general anesthetic, depending on dosage). Children are anesthetized. Adults are sometimes anesthetized as well if moderate sedation is unsuccessful. [citation needed]
Double-balloon enteroscopy offers a number of advantages to other small bowel image techniques, including barium imaging, wireless capsule endoscopy and push enteroscopy: It allows for visualization of the entire small bowel to the terminal ileum. [1] It allows for the application of therapeutics. [9]
Sedation is typically used in minor surgical procedures such as endoscopy, vasectomy, or dentistry and for reconstructive surgery, some cosmetic surgeries, removal of wisdom teeth, or for high-anxiety patients. [2] Sedation methods in dentistry include inhalation sedation (using nitrous oxide), oral sedation, and intravenous (IV) sedation ...
Endoscopes that are smaller in diameter and highly flexible, can reduce tissue trauma, sedation medication used for sedation, and patient pain. [1] The ability to achieve clear resolution while significantly reducing the device diameter to enhance arterial navigation is an SFE advantage.
A Storz endoscopy unit used for laryngoscopy exams of the vocal folds and the glottis Basil Hirschowitz , Larry Curtiss, and Wilbur Peters invented the first fiber optic endoscope in 1957. [ 18 ] Earlier in the 1950s Harold Hopkins had designed a "fibroscope" consisting of a bundle of flexible glass fibres able to coherently transmit an image.