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Pulmonary vein anatomy is highly variable among atrial fibrillation patients. [5] Pulmonary vein isolation by transcatheter ablation can restore sinus rhythm. [4] As atrial fibrillation becomes more persistent, the junction between the pulmonary veins and the left atrium becomes less of an initiator and the left atrium becomes an independent ...
Pulmonary embolism is occlusion or partial occlusion of the pulmonary artery or its branches by an embolus, usually from the embolization of a blood clot from deep vein thrombosis. [10] It can cause difficulty breathing or chest pain, is usually diagnosed through a CT pulmonary angiography or V/Q scan , and is often treated with anticoagulants ...
Veins of the heart. Coronary sinus. Great cardiac vein; Oblique vein of left atrium; Middle cardiac vein; Small cardiac vein; Pulmonary veins; Superior vena cava. Brachiocephalic vein. Inferior thyroid vein; Inferior laryngeal vein; Pericardial veins; Pericardiophrenic veins; Bronchial veins; Vertebral vein. Occipital vein; Anterior vertebral ...
The root of the right lung lies behind the superior vena cava and part of the right atrium, and below the azygos vein.That of the left lung passes beneath the aortic arch and in front of the descending aorta; the phrenic nerve, pericardiacophrenic artery and vein, and the anterior pulmonary plexus, lie in front of each, and the vagus nerve and posterior pulmonary plexus lie behind.
Positions of venae cavae and vessels of the pulmonary circulation. Veins vary in size from the smallest post-capillary venules, and more muscular venules, to small veins, medium veins, and large veins. The thickness of the walls of the veins varies as to their location – in the legs the vein walls are much thicker than those in the arms. [10]
Bronchial veins drain venous blood from the large main bronchi into the azygous vein, and ultimately the right atrium. Venous blood from the bronchi inside the lungs drains into the pulmonary veins and empties into the left atrium; since this blood never went through a capillary bed it was never oxygenated and so provides a small amount of ...
A pulmonary artery is an artery in the pulmonary circulation that carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs.The largest pulmonary artery is the main pulmonary artery or pulmonary trunk from the heart, and the smallest ones are the arterioles, which lead to the capillaries that surround the pulmonary alveoli.
The unit described as the secondary pulmonary lobule is the lobule most referred to as the pulmonary lobule or respiratory lobule. [25]: 489 [31] This lobule is a discrete unit that is the smallest component of the lung that can be seen without aid. [29] The secondary pulmonary lobule is likely to be made up of between 30 and 50 primary lobules ...