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Way stations were discovered along the route between Beersheba and Jerusalem from the time of the ancient Temple [dubious – discuss] and later during the Hellenistic and Roman eras. [6] Ritual baths (mikvaot, Hebrew: מקוואות) served pilgrims during their journey. [7] [8]
At I Samuel 10:3, Samuel tells Saul to go to Bethel to visit the 'Hill of God,' where he will meet a group of prophets coming down from the high place with a 'psaltery, and a tabret, and a pipe, and a harp.' It appears that there was a Philistine garrison there at that time. Bethel is mentioned again in 1 Samuel 13:2 and 2 Samuel 30:27.
Shechem's position is indicated in the Hebrew Bible: it lay north of Bethel and Shiloh, on the high road going from Jerusalem to the northern districts (Judges xxi, 19), at a short distance from Michmethath (Joshua 17:7) and of Dothain (Genesis 37:12–17); it was in the hill-country of Ephraim (Joshua 20:7; 21:21; 1 Kings 12:25; 1 Chronicles 6 ...
Bethany was the last station on their route to Jerusalem after crossing the river and taking the road through Jericho up into the highlands. A respectful distance from the city and Temple, and on the pilgrim route, Bethany was a most suitable location for a charitable institution.
Another dispute is the actual time it takes for an average man to walk a biblical mile. Most authorities hold that a biblical mile can be traversed in 18 minutes; four biblical miles in 72 minutes. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] Elsewhere, however, Maimonides held the view that an average man walks a biblical mile in about 20 to 24 minutes.
To distinguish the city from the city of Bethlehem near Jerusalem, it was initially known as Bethlehem of Zebulun, while the town near Jerusalem was called "Bethlehem of Judea". [citation needed] In the Jerusalem Talmud it is referred to as Beth Lehem Zoria, as it was part of the kingdom of Tyre at the time.
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Beitin is identified with the ancient settlement of Bethel, and preserves its ancient name. [8] [5] [9] The site was first settled during the Chalcolithic period.Sherds from the Early, Intermediate, Middle and Late Bronze Age, as well as the Iron Age I and II, the Persian, Hellenistic, Roman, [10] the Byzantine [10] [11] and Crusader/Ayyubid periods have been found. [10]