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Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy is a bilateral enlargement of the lymph nodes of pulmonary hila. It is a radiographic term for the enlargement of mediastinal lymph nodes and is most commonly identified by a chest x-ray .
An enlarged Virchow's node as seen on CT. Malignancies of the internal organs can reach an advanced stage before giving symptoms. Stomach cancer, for example, can remain asymptomatic while metastasizing. One of the first visible spots where these tumors metastasize is one of the left supraclavicular lymph node.
On ultrasound, B-mode imaging depicts lymph node morphology, whilst power Doppler can assess the vascular pattern. [28] B-mode imaging features that can distinguish metastasis and lymphoma include size, shape, calcification, loss of hilar architecture, as well as intranodal necrosis. [28]
The pattern is usually seen throughout the stomach. [2] A similar pattern can be seen with a related condition called gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE), or watermelon stomach. However, in GAVE, the ectatic blood vessels are more commonly found in the antrum or lower part of the stomach.
Castleman diseases; Other names: Giant lymph node hyperplasia, lymphoid hamartoma, angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia: Micrograph of Castleman disease showing hyaline vascular features including atrophic germinal center, expanded mantle zone, and a radially penetrating sclerotic blood vessel ("lollipop" sign).
A CXR of a person with lung cancer, which was causing superior vena cava syndrome A CT image showing compression of the right hilar structures by cancer The main techniques of diagnosing SVCS are with chest X-rays (CXR), CT scans , transbronchial needle aspiration at bronchoscopy and mediastinoscopy . [ 6 ]
Pulsation from the enlarged vessels leads to focal pressure that causes thinning of the mucosa at that location, leading to exposure of the vessel and subsequent hemorrhage. [1] Approximately 75% of Dieulafoy's lesions occur in the upper part of the stomach within 6 cm of the gastroesophageal junction, most commonly in the lesser curvature.
Produces abdominal collateral veins to bypass the blocked inferior vena cava and permit venous return from the legs. Determine the direction of flow in the veins below the umbilicus. After pushing down on the prominent vein, blood will: flow toward the legs → caput medusae; flow toward the head → inferior vena cava obstruction.