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The Crusader states, or Outremer, were four Catholic polities that existed in the Levant from 1098 to 1291. Following the principles of feudalism , the foundation for these polities was laid by the First Crusade by the European Christians, which was proclaimed by the Latin Church in 1095 in order to reclaim the Holy Land after it was lost to ...
The following is a list of crusader states that were independent during some point in history. This list includes crusader states in Outremer , Frankokratia , and in the Baltics . List
The Kingdom of Jerusalem, also known as the Crusader Kingdom, was a Crusader state that was established in the Levant immediately after the First Crusade.It lasted for almost two hundred years, from the accession of Godfrey of Bouillon in 1099 until the fall of Acre in 1291.
Map of Maximus Planudes (c. 1300), earliest extant realization of Ptolemy's world map (2nd century) Gangnido (Korea, 1402) Bianco world map (1436) Fra Mauro map (c. 1450) Map of Bartolomeo Pareto (1455) Genoese map (1457) Map of Juan de la Cosa (1500) Cantino planisphere (1502) Piri Reis map (1513) Dieppe maps (c. 1540s-1560s) Mercator 1569 ...
The fall of Outremer describes the history of the Kingdom of Jerusalem from the end of the last European Crusade to the Holy Land in 1272 until the final loss in 1302. The kingdom was the center of Outremer —the four Crusader states—formed after the First Crusade in 1099 and reached its peak in 1187.
The History of the Crusades, a translation of Histoire des Croisades by Joseph François Michaud (translated by William Robson), Covering the period 300–1095, the Crusades from 1096–1270, attempted Crusades against the Turks from 1291–1396, and Crusades against the Turks from 1453–1481. [17]
This is a list of current heads of state and heads of government.In some cases, mainly in presidential systems, one leader is head of state and head of government.In other cases, mainly in semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of state and the head of government are different people.
A history and bibliography of the Crusades through the Third Crusade. [29] God's War: A New History of the Crusades (2006), by Crusades historian Christopher Tyerman, does not contain a bibliography per se, but the sections Notes and Further Reading provide a wealth of bibliographic material on the Crusades, including sources and secondary ...