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A compartment space is anatomically determined by an unyielding fascial (and osseous) enclosure of the muscles.The anterior compartment syndrome of the lower leg (often referred to simply as anterior compartment syndrome), can affect any and all four muscles of that compartment: tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and peroneus tertius.
Foot drop is rarely the result of a pathology involving the muscles or bones that make up the lower leg. The anterior tibialis is the muscle that picks up the foot. Although the anterior tibialis plays a major role in dorsiflexion, it is assisted by the fibularis tertius, extensor digitorum longus and the extensor hallucis longus.
The anterior compartment of the leg is supplied by the deep fibular nerve (deep peroneal nerve), a branch of the common fibular nerve. The nerve contains axons from the L4, L5, and S1 spinal nerves. Blood for the compartment is supplied by the anterior tibial artery, which runs between the tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus muscles.
There are six characteristic signs and symptoms related to acute compartment syndrome: pain, paresthesia (reduced sensation), paralysis, pallor, poikilothermia, and pulselessness. These classical signs and symptoms may also be remembered by the 6 P's mnemonic. [5] [18] Pain and paresthesia are the early symptoms of compartment syndrome. [19] [9]
Peroneal nerve paralysis usually leads to neuromuscular disorder, peroneal nerve injury, or foot drop which can be symptoms of more serious disorders such as nerve compression. The origin of peroneal nerve palsy has been reported to be associated with musculoskeletal injury or isolated nerve traction and compression. Also it has been reported ...
Common early symptoms include frequent tripping and falling and difficulty going up stairs. Foot drop in one or both feet can occur. [14] Part of the cause for this dysfunction is the early involvement of the quadriceps muscles. [1] Weakness of the tibialis anterior muscle is responsible for foot drop. Another common early symptom is trouble ...
Pain radiating up into the leg, [1] behind the shin, and down into the arch, heel, and toes; Hot and cold sensations in the feet; A feeling as though the feet do not have enough padding; Pain while operating automobiles; Pain along the posterior tibial nerve path; Burning sensation on the bottom of foot that radiates upward reaching the knee
The anterior tibial artery is a branch of the popliteal artery. [1] It originates at the distal end of the popliteus muscle posterior to the tibia. The artery typically passes anterior to the popliteus muscle prior to passing between the tibia and fibula through an oval opening at the superior aspect of the interosseus membrane.