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The Caucasus region gradually enters the historical record during the Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age. Hayasa-Azzi was a Late Bronze Age confederation of two kingdoms of Armenian Highlands, Hayasa located South of Trabzon and Azzi, located north of the Euphrates and to the south of Hayasa.
The Caucasus region, on the gateway between Southwest Asia, Europe and Central Asia, plays a pivotal role in the peopling of Eurasia, possibly as early as during the Homo erectus expansion to Eurasia, in the Upper Paleolithic peopling of Europe, and again in the re-peopling Mesolithic Europe following the Last Glacial Maximum, and in the expansion associated with the Neolithic Revolution.
Caucasus vegetation land cover, 1940 View of the Caucasus Mountains in Dagestan, Russia. The Caucasus is an area of great ecological importance. The region is included in the list of 34 world biodiversity hotspots. [66] [67] It harbors some 6400 species of higher plants, 1600 of which are endemic to the region. [68]
Pages in category "History of the Caucasus" The following 32 pages are in this category, out of 32 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. ...
In the early 18th century, Tsar Peter the Great embarked on a series of campaigns to extend Russia’s reach into the Caucasus, marking the start of consistent Russian interventions in the region. [29] [30] His first significant attempt was in 1711 during the Pruth River Campaign, where Russian forces briefly advanced into Circassian territories.
The Russian conquest of the Caucasus mainly occurred between 1800 and 1864. The Russian Empire sought to control the region between the Black Sea and Caspian Sea.South of the mountains was the territory that is modern Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Iran and Turkey.
The Kura–Araxes culture (also named Kur–Araz culture, Mtkvari–Araxes culture, Early Transcaucasian culture, Shengavitian culture [1] [2]) was an archaeological culture that existed from about 4000 BC until about 2000 BC, [3] which has traditionally been regarded as the date of its end; in some locations it may have disappeared as early as 2600 or 2700 BC. [4]
Albania first appears in history as a vassal state in the empire of Tigranes the Great of Armenia (95-56 BC). [52] The kingdom of Albania emerged in the eastern Caucasus in 2nd or 1st century BC and along with the Georgians and Armenians formed one of the three nations of the Southern Caucasus.