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At pH below 2, the majority of the chlorine in the solution is in the form of dissolved elemental Cl 2. At pH greater than 7.4, the majority is in the form of hypochlorite ClO −. [10] The equilibrium can be shifted by adding acids (such as hydrochloric acid) or bases (such as sodium hydroxide) to the solution:
Bleach is the generic name for any chemical product that is used industrially or domestically to ... The highest level cited for a concentration of carbon ...
Bleach: 12.5 Lye: 14 pH can be measured using indicators, which change color depending on the pH of the solution they are in. ... The pH level of food influences its ...
The hypochlorite anion and chlorine are in equilibrium in water; the position of the equilibrium is pH dependent and low pH (acidic) favors chlorine, [11] Cl 2 + H 2 O ⇌ 2H + + Cl − + ClO −. A hypochlorite bleach can react violently with hydrogen peroxide and produce oxygen gas: H 2 O 2 (aq) + NaOCl (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H 2 O(l) + O 2 (g)
Hypochlorous acid is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Cl O H, also written as HClO, HOCl, or ClHO. [2] [3] Its structure is H−O−Cl.It is an acid that forms when chlorine dissolves in water, and itself partially dissociates, forming a hypochlorite anion, ClO −.
Common examples include sodium hypochlorite (household bleach) and calcium hypochlorite (a component of bleaching powder, swimming pool "chlorine"). [1] The Cl-O distance in ClO − is 1.69 Å. [2] The name can also refer to esters of hypochlorous acid, namely organic compounds with a ClO– group covalently bound to the rest of the molecule.
In pH testing of bleach substances, sodium thiosulfate neutralizes the color-removing effects of bleach and allows one to test the pH of bleach solutions with liquid indicators. The relevant reaction is akin to the iodine reaction: thiosulfate reduces the hypochlorite (the active ingredient in bleach) and in so doing becomes oxidized to sulfate ...
Percent active chlorine is a unit of concentration used for hypochlorite-based bleaches.One gram of a 100% active chlorine bleach has the quantitative bleaching capacity as one gram of free chlorine.
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