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As first demonstrated in the 1979 paper by Bill Dickinson and Chris Suczek, [1] the composition and provenance of a sandstone is directly related to its tectonic environment of formation. Craton sands are clustered near the Q pole. As sandstones, these are known as quartz arenites. Transitional continental sands are along the QF line.
A QFL chart is a representation of the framework grains and matrix that is present in a sandstone. This chart is similar to those used in igneous petrology. When plotted correctly, this model of analysis creates a meaningful quantitative classification of sandstones. [24] A sandstone provenance chart is typically based on a QFL chart but allows ...
Bäch Sandstone: by the Lake Zürich; Bern Sandstone: quarry sites near Bern in Ostermundigen, Krauchthal and by the Gurten; Bollingen Sandstone (also Buchberg Sandstone, Uznaberg Sandstone, Bollinger-Lehholz Sandstone and Güntliweid Sandstone): Rapperswil-Jona by the Upper Lake Zürich; Grès à cailloux roulés: near Avenches; Grès de ...
Ganister – Hard, fine-grained quartzose sandstone, or orthoquartzite; Gossan – Intensely oxidized, weathered or decomposed rock; Hyaloclastite – Volcaniclastic accumulation or breccia; Ijolite – Igneous rock consisting essentially of nepheline and augite; Jadeitite – Metamorphic rock found in blueschist-grade metamorphic terranes
Recognising that the identification of these structures is problematic at the limited scale of a petrographic thin section and typically requires examination of outcrop exposures or core, Embry and Klovan stated that where the mode of binding is not identifiable then the original Dunham classification term boundstone should be retained.
Folk's philosophy is that the name of a rock must convey as much information as possible without being a complete description. For this, he proposed five important properties of sandstones to use as defining characteristics.
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Greywacke or graywacke (German grauwacke, signifying a grey, earthy rock) is a variety of sandstone generally characterized by its hardness (6–7 on Mohs scale), dark color, and poorly sorted angular grains of quartz, feldspar, and small rock fragments or sand-size lithic fragments set in a compact, clay-fine matrix.