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A measure was introduced into the British Parliament in 1621 with two major components: a restriction on tobacco importation from anywhere with the exception of Virginia and the British West Indies and an edict that tobacco was not to be grown and cultivated anywhere else within England. [23]
The development of tobacco as an export began in Virginia in 1614 when one of the English colonists, John Rolfe, experimented with a plant he had brought from the West Indies, 'Nicotania tabacum. In the same year, the first tobacco shipment was sent to England. The British prized tobacco, for it was a way to display one's wealth to the public.
The birthplace of John Rolfe, born c. 1585, remains unproven. At that time, the Spanish Empire held a virtual monopoly on the lucrative tobacco trade. Most Spanish colonies in the Americas were located in South America and the West Indies, which were more favorable to tobacco growth than their English counterparts (founded in the early 17th century, notably Jamestown in 1607).
The Tobacco Kingdom: Plantation, Market, and Factory in Virginia and North Carolina, 1800-1860(Duke University Press, 1938), a major scholarly study. Robert, Joseph C. The Story of Tobacco in America (1959), by a scholar. online; Swanson, Drew A. A Golden Weed: Tobacco and Environment in the Piedmont South (Yale University Press, 2014) 360pp
No tobacco could be imported except from Virginia, and a royal license that cost 15 pounds per year was required to sell it. To help the colonies, Charles II banned tobacco cultivation in England, but allowed it to be grown in herb gardens for medicinal purposes. [8] Tobacco was introduced elsewhere in continental Europe more easily.
The Story of Tobacco in America (UNC 1949) Robert, Joseph Clarke. "The Tobacco Kingdom: Plantation, Market, and Factory in Virginia and North Carolina, 1800-1860 (Duke University Press, 1938). Tilley, Nannie May The Bright Tobacco Industry 1860–1929 ISBN 0-405-04728-2. online; Tilley, Nannie May The R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (1985) online
The book Tobacco in Colonial Virginia ("The Sovereign Remedy") by Melvin Herndon [5] describes operation of the public warehouses as follows: . In 1730 the most comprehensive inspection bill ever introduced, passed the General Assembly.
The biggest trade breakthrough resulted after adventurer and colonist John Rolfe introduced several sweeter strains of tobacco [8] from the Caribbean. [9] These yielded a more appealing product than the harsh-tasting tobacco native to Virginia. [10]