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These symbols show location, convey information, increase aesthetic appeal, and create a gestalt order to the map. A map symbol or cartographic symbol is a graphical device used to visually represent a real-world feature on a map, working in the same fashion as other forms of symbols.
Typography, as an aspect of cartographic design, is the craft of designing and placing text on a map in support of the map symbols, together representing geographic features and their properties. It is also often called map labeling or lettering , but typography is more in line with the general usage of typography .
Cartographic design or map design is the process of crafting the ... using area symbols based on the visual variables of color and ... Existing GIS data, often ...
The most common purpose of a thematic map is to portray the geographic distribution of one or more phenomena. Sometimes this distribution is already familiar to the cartographer, who wants to communicate it to an audience, while at other times the map is created to discover previously unknown patterns (as a form of Geovisualization). [17]
During the first half of the 20th century, cartographers began to think seriously about how the features they drew depended on scale. Eduard Imhof, one of the most accomplished academic and professional cartographers at the time, published a study of city plans on maps at a variety of scales in 1937, itemizing several forms of generalization that occurred, including those later termed ...
Map symbols commonly employ multiple visual variables simultaneously. This can be used to reinforce the depiction of a single property; for example, a capital city having a symbol that is larger and a different shape than other cities, or a color progression on a choropleth map from pale yellow to dark green, using both hue and value ...
A proportional symbol map or proportional point symbol map is a type of thematic map that uses map symbols that vary in size to represent a quantitative variable. [1]: 131 For example, circles may be used to show the location of cities within the map, with the size of each circle sized proportionally to the population of the city. Typically ...
In this, it is a strategy that is similar to proportional symbol maps, which scale point features, and many flow maps, which scale the weight of linear features. However, these two techniques only scale the map symbol , not space itself; a map that stretches the length of linear features is considered a linear cartogram (although additional ...