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The edition parameter can be omitted if there is no content difference between two editions of the same work; e.g. if a book was identically published in the UK and the US except, for example, ISBN number and cover art, it is not necessary to indicate either "UK" or "US" edition; or if citing minute:seconds of a film available in both a regular ...
In the author–date method (Harvard referencing), [4] the in-text citation is placed in parentheses after the sentence or part thereof that the citation supports. The citation includes the author's name, year of publication, and page number(s) when a specific part of the source is referred to (Smith 2008, p. 1) or (Smith 2008:1).
Wikipedia uses various referencing systems to cite sources that support assertions in the article and to add explanatory and supplementary material. This page compares two systems that are currently used (Footnotes and Shortened footnotes) and two older systems that are deprecated and no longer used for new articles (Footnote3 and Parenthetical referencing).
The easiest way to start citing on Wikipedia is to see a basic example. The example here will show you how to cite a newspaper article using the {} template (see Citation quick reference for other types of citations). Copy and paste the following immediately after what you want to reference:
Formats a citation to a stand-alone, off-line document. Template parameters [Edit template data] This template has custom formatting. Parameter Description Type Status Last name last author author1 last1 The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link' instead; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors Line suggested First name first first1 Given or first name, middle ...
This example is the most basic and includes unique references for each citation, showing the page numbers in the reference list. This repeats the citation, changing the page number. A disadvantage is that this can create a lot of redundant text in the reference list when a source is cited many times. So consider using one of the alternatives ...
If two or more calls to {} use the same citation parameters, that is, if the author(s), year, and page number(s) are all identical, but there is some other difference, such as a use of pp= vs p=, or a use of ps= in one but not the other, this issue will arise. The solution is to make the calls identical.
Template:Sfnmp – creates a series of shortened footnotes separated by semicolons, with dates in parentheses; Template:Unbulleted list citebundle (Shortcut: {}) – citations are indented in an unbulleted list; Template:Multiref2 – citations are separated with additional white space