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Colosteidae is a family of stegocephalians (stem-group tetrapods) that lived in the Carboniferous period. [1] They possessed a variety of characteristics from different tetrapod or stem-tetrapod groups, which made them historically difficult to classify.
However, most tetrapod species today are amniotes, most of which are terrestrial tetrapods whose branch evolved from earlier tetrapods early in the Late Carboniferous. The key innovation in amniotes over amphibians is the amnion, which enables the eggs to retain their aqueous contents on land, rather than needing to stay in water.
Family Scaphiopodidae (American spadefoot toads) Suborder Neobatrachia. Family Allophrynidae (Tukeit Hill frog) Family Amphignathodontidae (marsupial frogs) Family Arthroleptidae (screeching frogs) Family Brachycephalidae (saddleback toads) Family Bufonidae (true toads) Family Centrolenidae (glass frogs) Family Dendrobatidae (poison dart frogs)
The evolution of tetrapods began about 400 million years ago in the Devonian Period with the earliest tetrapods evolved from lobe-finned fishes. [1] Tetrapods (under the apomorphy-based definition used on this page) are categorized as animals in the biological superclass Tetrapoda, which includes all living and extinct amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
Traditionally, Ichthyostega was considered part of an order named for it, the "Ichthyostegalia". However, this group represents a paraphyletic grade of primitive stem-tetrapods and is not used by many modern researchers. Phylogenetic analysis has shown Ichthyostega is intermediate between other primitive stegocephalian stem-tetrapods. The ...
Embolomeri is an order of tetrapods or stem-tetrapods, possibly members of Reptiliomorpha.Embolomeres first evolved in the Early Carboniferous (Mississippian) Period and were the largest and most successful predatory tetrapods of the Late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) Period.
Lepospondyl and tetrapod classification is still controversial, and even recent studies have had doubts about lepospondyl monophyly. For example, a 2007 paper has suggested that adelospondyls are stem-tetrapods close to colosteids [ 5 ] and a 2017 paper on Lethiscus has Aïstopoda in the tetrapod stem based on their primitive braincase. [ 18 ]
Tetrapodomorpha (also known as Choanata [3]) is a clade of vertebrates consisting of tetrapods (four-limbed vertebrates) and their closest sarcopterygian relatives that are more closely related to living tetrapods than to living lungfish.