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Torsion of a square section bar Example of torsion mechanics. In the field of solid mechanics, torsion is the twisting of an object due to an applied torque. [1] [2] Torsion could be defined as strain [3] [4] or angular deformation, [5] and is measured by the angle a chosen section is rotated from its equilibrium position. [6]
The torsion constant or torsion coefficient is a geometrical property of a bar's cross-section. It is involved in the relationship between angle of twist and applied torque along the axis of the bar, for a homogeneous linear elastic bar. The torsion constant, together with material properties and length, describes a bar's torsional stiffness.
The strength of materials is determined using various methods of calculating the stresses and strains in structural members, such as beams, columns, and shafts. The methods employed to predict the response of a structure under loading and its susceptibility to various failure modes takes into account the properties of the materials such as its yield strength, ultimate strength, Young's modulus ...
Calculation of the steam turbine shaft radius for a turboset: Assumptions: Power carried by the shaft is 1000 MW; this is typical for a large nuclear power plant. Yield stress of the steel used to make the shaft (τ yield) is: 250 × 10 6 N/m 2. Electricity has a frequency of 50 Hz; this is the typical frequency in Europe.
In this case, yielding occurs when the equivalent stress, , reaches the yield strength of the material in simple tension, . As an example, the stress state of a steel beam in compression differs from the stress state of a steel axle under torsion, even if both specimens are of the same material.
is the torsion constant for the section. Note that the torsional stiffness has dimensions [force] * [length] / [angle], so that its SI units are N*m/rad. For the special case of unconstrained uniaxial tension or compression, Young's modulus can be thought of as a measure of the stiffness of a structure.
Small, coiled torsion springs are often used to operate pop-up doors found on small consumer goods like digital cameras and compact disc players. Other more specific uses: A torsion bar suspension is a thick, steel torsion-bar spring attached to the body of a vehicle at one end and to a lever arm which attaches to the axle of the wheel at the ...
The following stresses are induced in the shafts. Shear stresses due to the transmission of torque (due to torsional load). Bending stresses (tensile or compressive) due to the forces acting upon the machine elements like gears and pulleys as well as the self weight of the shaft. Stresses due to combined torsional and bending loads.
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