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The term stems from cumene (isopropyl benzene), the intermediate material during the process. It was invented by R. Ūdris and P. Sergeyev in 1942 (USSR), [1] and independently by Heinrich Hock in 1944. [2] [3] This process converts two relatively cheap starting materials, benzene and propylene, into two more valuable ones, phenol and acetone.
Benzene can be readily converted to chlorobenzene by nucleophilic aromatic substitution via a benzyne intermediate. [1] Chlorobenzene is treated with aqueous sodium hydroxide at 350 °C and 300 bar or molten sodium hydroxide at 350 °C to convert it to sodium phenoxide, which yields phenol upon acidification. [2]
The Raschig–Hooker process's ability to make phenol makes it comparable to other methods, such as the Dow and Bayer process, which also converts benzene into phenol. In fact, the ability to recycle the hydrogen chloride made the Raschig–Hooker process preferable to the Dow and Bayer process, which requires its sodium chloride product to be ...
Fenton's reagent is also used in organic synthesis for the hydroxylation of arenes in a radical substitution reaction such as the classical conversion of benzene into phenol. C 6 H 6 + FeSO 4 + H 2 O 2 → C 6 H 5 OH + (byproducts)
Benzene is a natural constituent of petroleum and is one of the elementary petrochemicals. Due to the cyclic continuous pi bonds between the carbon atoms, benzene is classed as an aromatic hydrocarbon. Benzene is a colorless and highly flammable liquid with a sweet smell, and is partially responsible for the aroma of gasoline.
To convert from / to /, divide by 1000. a (L ... Benzene: 18.24 0.1193 Bromobenzene: 28.94 0.1539 ... Phenol [2] 22.93 0.1177 Phosphine: 4.692 0.05156
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Cumene (isopropylbenzene) is an organic compound that contains a benzene ring with an isopropyl substituent.It is a constituent of crude oil and refined fuels. It is a flammable colorless liquid that has a boiling point of 152 °C.