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In the years following WWII, the BM-13 was replaced by the 140 mm BM-14 and the BM-31 was replaced by the 240 mm BM-24. [29] During the Cold War, the Soviet Union fielded several models of Katyusha-like MRL, notably the BM-21 Grad launchers somewhat inspired by the earlier weapon, and the larger BM-27 Uragan.
BM-8-8 (jeep) Soviet Union: 82 24 BM-8-24 (tank) Soviet Union: 82 36 BM-8-36 (truck) Soviet Union: 1941 - 82 48 BM-8-48 (2½ ton truck) Soviet Union: 114 M8 4.5 inch Rocket United States: 132 16 BM-13-16 Katyusha Soviet Union: 1940 - 150 6 15 cm Nebelwerfer 41 Nazi Germany: 150 10 15cm Panzerwerfer 42 Nazi Germany: 180 20 Unrotated projectile
The BM-14 (BM for Boyevaya Mashina, 'combat vehicle'), is a Soviet-made 140mm multiple launch rocket system (MLRS), normally mounted on a truck. The BM-14 can fire 140 mm M-14 rockets with a high-explosive fragmentation warhead, a smoke warhead or a chemical warhead.
In August 1939, the completed rocket was the BM-13 / Katyusha rocket launcher (BM stands for боевая машина (translit. boyevaya mashina), 'combat vehicle' for M-13 rockets). [106] Towards the end of 1938 the first significant large scale testing of the rocket launchers took place, 233 rockets of various types were used.
Katyusha, BM-13, BM-8, and BM-31 multiple rocket launchers of World War II; T-122 Sakarya, Turkish 122 mm multiple launch rocket system; Fajr-5, Iranian 333 mm long-range multiple launch rocket system; TOROS, Turkish 230 and 260 mm multiple launch rocket system; BM-14, Soviet 140 mm multiple launch rocket system
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It gained fame during World War II as a patriotic song, inspiring the population to serve and defend their land in the war effort. [1] The song is the source of the nickname of the BM-8, BM-13, and BM-31 "Katyusha" rocket launchers that were used by the Red Army in World War II. [2]
The first self-propelled MRLs—and arguably the most famous—was the Soviet BM-13 Katyusha, first used during World War II and exported to Soviet allies afterwards. They were simple systems in which a rack of launch rails was mounted on the back of a truck. This set the template for modern MRLs.