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Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for, interpret, focus on and remember information in a way that confirms one's preconceptions. [32] There are multiple other cognitive biases which involve or are types of confirmation bias: Backfire effect, a tendency to react to disconfirming evidence by strengthening one's previous beliefs. [33]
Focus on the Family (FOTF or FotF) is a fundamentalist Protestant [3] organization founded in 1977 in Southern California by James Dobson, based in Colorado Springs, Colorado. [4] The group is one of a number of evangelical parachurch organizations that rose to prominence in the 1980s. As of the 2017 tax filing year, Focus on the Family ...
James Clayton Dobson Jr. [a] (born April 21, 1936) is an American evangelical Christian author, psychologist, and founder of Focus on the Family (FotF), which he led from 1977 until 2010.
These patterns develop into family rules, a concept that emerged from Structural Family Therapy: "family rules are defined as an invisible set of functional demands that persistently organizes the interaction of the family." [1] Haley and Madanes focused heavily on the function of the symptoms presented on how they affect the family system.
This theory focuses on identifying how an observer uses information in his/her social environment in order to create a causal explanation for events. Attribution theory also provides explanations for why different people can interpret the same event in different ways and what factors contribute to attribution biases. [10]
While the latter has been found to be more prevalent in individualistic cultures than collectivistic cultures, correspondence bias occurs across cultures, [46] [47] [48] suggesting differences between the two phrases. Further, disposition correspondent inferences made to explain the behavior of nonhuman actors (e.g., robots) do not necessarily ...
Loss aversion was also used to support the status quo bias in 1988, [9] and the equity premium puzzle in 1995. [10] In the 2000s, behavioural finance was an area with frequent application of this theory, [11] [12] including on asset prices and individual stock returns. [13] [14]
Carl Whitaker, M.D. Carl Alanson Whitaker (1912–1995) was an American physician and psychotherapy pioneer family therapist. "Carl Whitaker was one of the founding generation of family therapists who broke the rules of the psychotherapeutic orthodoxies of the time, such as that therapy focused on a single client and was totally divorced from family life," said Richard Simon, editor of The ...