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A vinculum (from Latin vinculum ' fetter, chain, tie ') is a horizontal line used in mathematical notation for various purposes. It may be placed as an overline or underline above or below a mathematical expression to group the expression's elements.
An overline, overscore, or overbar, is a typographical feature of a horizontal line drawn immediately above the text. In old mathematical notation, an overline was called a vinculum, a notation for grouping symbols which is expressed in modern notation by parentheses, though it persists for symbols under a radical sign.
3. Between two groups, may mean that the first one is a proper subgroup of the second one. > (greater-than sign) 1. Strict inequality between two numbers; means and is read as "greater than". 2. Commonly used for denoting any strict order. 3. Between two groups, may mean that the second one is a proper subgroup of the first one. ≤ 1.
Sometimes, for the clarity of reading, different kinds of brackets are used to express the same meaning of precedence in a single expression with deep nesting of sub-expressions. [1] Historically, other notations, such as the vinculum, were similarly used for grouping. In present-day use, these notations all have specific meanings.
In general, an expression denotes or names a mathematical object, and plays therefore in the language of mathematics the role of a noun phrase in the natural language. An expression contains often some operators , and may therefore be evaluated by the action of the operators in it.
The language of mathematics or mathematical language is an extension of the natural language (for example English) that is used in mathematics and in science for expressing results (scientific laws, theorems, proofs, logical deductions, etc.) with concision, precision and unambiguity.
Vinculum (symbol), a horizontal line used in mathematical notation for a specific purpose; Vinculum, a piece of Borg technology featured in the Star Trek:Voyager episode "Infinite Regress" Vinculum juris, a Latin phrase meaning "the chain of the law", which denotes that something is legally binding; Ligamen, a concept in Catholic canon law
One can also speak of "almost all" integers having a property to mean "all except finitely many", despite the integers not admitting a measure for which this agrees with the previous usage. For example, "almost all prime numbers are odd". There is a more complicated meaning for integers as well, discussed in the main article.