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Heart failure (HF), also known as congestive heart failure (CHF), is a syndrome caused by an impairment in the heart's ability to fill with and pump blood. Although symptoms vary based on which side of the heart is affected, HF typically presents with shortness of breath , excessive fatigue , and bilateral leg swelling . [ 3 ]
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a form of heart failure in which the ejection fraction – the percentage of the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each heartbeat divided by the volume of blood when the left ventricle is maximally filled – is normal, defined as greater than 50%; [1] this may be measured by echocardiography or cardiac catheterization.
The failure of ventricular relaxation also results in elevated end-diastolic pressures, and the end result is identical to the case of systolic dysfunction (pulmonary edema in left heart failure, peripheral edema in right heart failure). [citation needed] Diastolic dysfunction can be caused by processes similar to those that cause systolic ...
Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is a sudden worsening of the signs and symptoms of heart failure, which typically includes difficulty breathing , leg or feet swelling, and fatigue. [1] ADHF is a common and potentially serious cause of acute respiratory distress. The condition is caused by severe congestion of multiple organs by fluid ...
This limits ventricular filling during diastole, which increases end-diastolic volume. [2] This can lead to a variety of cardiac issues, such as congestive heart failure , atrial arrhythmia , ventricular arrhythmia , and blocks to cardiac nervous conduction.
Alright, even though systolic failure is most common in left-sided heart failure, diastolic heart failure or filling dysfunction can also happen. In hypertension, remember how the left ventricular hypertrophied? Well that hypertrophy is concentric, which means that the new sarcomeres are generated in parallel with existing ones.
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