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The New Map of Africa (1900–1916): A History of European Colonial Expansion and Colonial Diplomacy (1916) online free; Hopkins, Anthony G., and Peter J. Cain. British Imperialism: 1688–2015 (Routledge, 2016). Mackenzie, John, ed. The Encyclopedia of Empire (4 vol 2016) Maltby, William. The Rise and Fall of the Spanish Empire (2008).
Colonisation (American English: colonization) is a process of establishing occupation of or control over foreign territories or peoples for the purpose of cultivation, exploitation, trade and possibly settlement, setting up coloniality and often colonies, commonly pursued and maintained by, but distinct from, imperialism, mercantilism, or colonialism.
Colonialism developed as a concept describing European colonial empires of the modern era, which spread globally from the 15th century to the mid-20th century, spanning 35% of Earth's land by 1800 and peaking at 84% by the beginning of World War I. [10] European colonialism employed mercantilism and chartered companies, and established ...
Subsequent colonial empires included the French, English, Dutch and Japanese empires. By the mid-17th century, the Tsardom of Russia, continued later as the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union, and modern Russia, became the largest contiguous state in the world and remains so to this day. Colonial powers in 1898 [a]
The postcolonial approach to international relations advances the centrality of colonialism in the making of the modern world. [24] Postcolonial IR scholars argue that colonialism and its processes were necessary to the historic development of global capitalism, which largely defines our economic and political world today. [24]
Colonial Nigeria. Federation of Nigeria; Lagos Colony; Northern Nigeria Protectorate; Southern Nigeria Protectorate; Colony of Natal; Colony of New Zealand; Colony of Singapore; A view of shops with anti-British and pro-Independence signs, Malta, c. 1960 Crown Colony of Malta; East Africa Protectorate; Emirate of Afghanistan (de jure) Emirate ...
Regions free of tropical disease with easy access to trade routes were favorable. [16] When Europeans settled in these desirable territories, natives were forced out and regional power was seized by the colonialists. This type of colonial behavior led to the disruption of local customary practices and the transformation of socioeconomic systems.
Eswatini claims territories that it states were confiscated during colonial times. [11] The area claimed by Eswatini is the former bantustan of KaNgwane , which now forms the northern parts of Jozini and uMhlabuyalingana local municipalities in KwaZulu-Natal , and the southern part of Nkomazi , the southeastern part of Umjindi and the far ...