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A horn loudspeaker is a loudspeaker or loudspeaker element which uses an acoustic horn to increase the overall efficiency of the driving element(s). A common form (right) consists of a compression driver which produces sound waves with a small metal diaphragm vibrated by an electromagnet, attached to a horn, a flaring duct to conduct the sound waves to the open air.
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A patent horn loudspeaker. Loudspeakers are often built into horn-shaped enclosures or use horns. Most often the higher-frequency elements (tweeters and midranges) use horns, sometimes with acoustic diffraction lenses to spread the sound waves in a horizontal pattern at ear-level and limit the vertical pattern. An audio driver (e.g., a speaker ...
A horn-loaded speaker can have a sensitivity as high as 110 dB SPL at 2.83 volts (1 watt at 8 ohms) at 1 meter. This is a hundredfold increase in output compared to a speaker rated at 90 dB sensitivity (given the aforementioned specifications) and is invaluable in applications where high sound levels are required or amplifier power is limited.
Horn-loaded compression drivers can achieve very high efficiencies, around 10 times the efficiency of direct-radiating cone loudspeakers. They are used as midrange and tweeter drivers in high power sound reinforcement loudspeakers , and in reflex or folded-horn loudspeakers in megaphones and public address systems .
1968 – JBL launches the 3-way speaker 4310; 1969 – Sidney Harman acquires JBL; 1969 – L-100, a consumer version of the 4311 is launched; it would sell over 125,000 pairs in the 70s; 1969 – JBL components deliver sound at Woodstock and many other rock festivals; 1973 – 4300 Series launched, including the first 4-way speaker