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Various ways of expressing fineness have been used and two remain in common use: millesimal fineness expressed in units of parts per 1,000 [1] and karats or carats used only for gold. Karats measure the parts per 24, so that 18 karat = 18 ⁄ 24 = 75% and 24 karat gold is considered 100% gold. [2]
In the wholesale trade of gem diamonds, carat is often used in denominating lots of diamonds for sale. For example, a buyer may place an order for 100 carats (20 g) of 0.5-carat (100 mg), D–F, VS2-SI1, excellent cut diamonds, indicating a wish to purchase 200 diamonds (100 carats (20 g) total mass) of those approximate characteristics.
Cullinan Diamond. The Cullinan Diamond is the largest gem-quality rough diamond ever found, [2] weighing 3,106 carats (621.20 g), discovered at the Premier No.2 mine in Cullinan, South Africa, on 26 January 1905. It was named after Thomas Cullinan, the owner of the mine. In April 1905, it was put on sale in London, but despite considerable ...
Historical units include the stone, the pound, the carat, ... 3.0–5.5 × 10 −30 kg Up quark ... Big Ben (bell) ...
The Koh-i-Noor (Persian for 'Mountain of Light'; / ˌkoʊɪˈnʊər / KOH-in-OOR), [ b ][ 4 ][ 5 ] also spelt Koh-e-Noor, Kohinoor and Koh-i-Nur, is one of the largest cut diamonds in the world, weighing 105.6 carats (21.12 g). [ a ] It is part of the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom. The diamond is currently set in the Crown of Queen ...
A gold nugget of 5 mm (0.2 in) in diameter (bottom) can be expanded through hammering into a gold foil of about 0.5 m 2 (5.4 sq ft). Toi gold mine museum, Japan.. Gold leaf is gold that has been hammered into thin sheets (usually around 0.1 μm thick [1]) by a process known as goldbeating, [2] for use in gilding.
Diamond reports from GIA (as well as other, for-profit sources) are now demanded by most consumers purchasing diamonds over a certain size, typically for over 0.5 carat (100 mg), and almost always for over 1.0 carat (200 mg), and are considered an important tool in guaranteeing that a diamond is accurately represented to a potential buyer.
For example, "agate" and "ruby" used to be a single size "agate ruby" of about 5 points; [2] metal type known as "agate" later ranged from 5 to 5.8 points. The sizes were gradually standardized as described above. [ 3 ]
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