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  2. Water softening - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_softening

    Water containing these minerals is known as "hard water". [citation needed] When hard water is heated in a plumbing system, carbon dioxide goes out of solution, and bicarbonates become carbonates, which are much less soluble. The carbonates bind to plumbing surfaces providing seed crystals for further crystal growth, which build up as hard scale.

  3. Water treatment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_treatment

    Dalecarlia Water Treatment Plant, Washington, D.C. Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of water to make it appropriate for a specific end-use. The end use may be drinking, industrial water supply, irrigation, river flow maintenance, water recreation or many other uses, including being safely returned to the environment.

  4. Water purification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_purification

    For treatment of wastewater, see wastewater treatment. Water purificationis the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids, and gases from water. The goal is to produce water that is fit for specific purposes. Most water is purified and disinfected for human consumption (drinking water), but water ...

  5. Drinking water quality standards - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drinking_water_quality...

    Drinking water standards include lists of parametric values, and also specify the sampling location, sampling methods, sampling frequency, analytical methods, and laboratory accreditation (AQC). In addition, a number of standards documents also require calculation to determine whether a level exceeds the standard, such as taking an average.

  6. Lime softening - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime_softening

    Lime softening. Lime softening (also known as lime buttering, lime-soda treatment, or Clark 's process) [1] is a type of water treatment used for water softening, which uses the addition of limewater (calcium hydroxide) to remove hardness (deposits of calcium and magnesium salts) by precipitation. The process is also effective at removing a ...

  7. Carbonated water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonated_water

    Carbonated water is a diluent mixed with alcoholic beverages where it is used to top-off the drink and provides a degree of 'fizz'. Adding soda water to "short" drinks such as spirits dilutes them and makes them "long" (not to be confused with long drinks such as those made with vermouth).

  8. Activated carbon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activated_carbon

    Activated carbon. Activated carbon, also called activated charcoal, is a form of carbon commonly used to filter contaminants from water and air, among many other uses. It is processed (activated) to have small, low-volume pores that greatly increase the surface area [1] [2] available for adsorption or chemical reactions [3] that can be thought of as a microscopic "sponge" structure (adsorption ...

  9. Magnesium carbonate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_carbonate

    Magnesium carbonate, Mg CO 3 (archaic name magnesia alba), is an inorganic salt that is a colourless or white solid. Several hydrated and basic forms of magnesium carbonate also exist as minerals .

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