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Duration is a linear measure of how the price of a bond changes in response to interest rate changes. It is approximately equal to the percentage change in price for a given change in yield, and may be thought of as the elasticity of the bond's price with respect to discount rates. For example, for small interest rate changes, the duration is ...
The observed prices serve as valuation benchmarks. From the prices, one calculates price multiples such as the price-to-earnings or price-to-book ratios—one or more of which used to value the firm. For example, the average price-to-earnings multiple of the guideline companies is applied to the subject firm's earnings to estimate its value.
Calculating option prices, and their "Greeks", i.e. sensitivities, combines: (i) a model of the underlying price behavior, or "process" - i.e. the asset pricing model selected, with its parameters having been calibrated to observed prices; and (ii) a mathematical method which returns the premium (or sensitivity) as the expected value of option ...
The calculation of bond prices due to the change in time to maturity can also be easily figured based on some relatively simple math, giving investors a clear idea of a bond’s expected price.
This bond's price sensitivity to interest rate changes is different from a non-puttable bond with otherwise identical cash flows. To price such bonds, one must use option pricing to determine the value of the bond, and then one can compute its delta (and hence its lambda), which is the duration.
Under IFRS, financial assets are classified into four broad categories which determine the way in which they are measured and reported: Financial assets "held for trading" — i.e., which were acquired or incurred principally for the purpose of selling, or are part of a portfolio with evidence of short-term profit-taking, or are derivatives — are measured at fair value through profit or loss.
Compared to a longer-term bond, a short-term bond will typically offer a lower interest rate when all other factors are equal. Short-term vs. long-term bonds: Key differences
Bond prices and interest rates are closely related and can both be used to forecast economic activity, so investors should at least be aware of the basics: how interest rates affect bond prices ...