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Sirtuin 1, also known as NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SIRT1 gene. [5] [6] [7]SIRT1 stands for sirtuin (silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog) 1 (S. cerevisiae), referring to the fact that its sirtuin homolog (biological equivalent across species) in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is Sir2.
SIRT1 protein promotes homologous recombination in human cells and is involved in recombinational repair of DNA breaks. [ 29 ] SIRT6 is a chromatin -associated protein and in mammalian cells is required for base excision repair of DNA damage . [ 30 ]
In September 2003, Howitz and Sinclair et al. published a highly cited paper reporting that polyphenols such as resveratrol [2] activate human SIRT1 and extend the lifespan of budding yeast (Howitz et al., Nature, 2003).
The main ones are histone deacetylases (HDACs) and sirtuins (SIRT1,2,3,5). [2] Because histone proteins were the first known substrate for protein deacetylases, the latter all tend to be called HDACs of one class or another. Human protein deacetylase enzymes have been categorized into Class I (HDAC1,2,3,8); Class II (HDAC4,5,6,7,9,10),
SRT-2104 is an experimental drug that was studied by Sirtris Pharmaceuticals as a small-molecule activator of the sirtuin subtype SIRT1.The compound progressed to Phase II human trials for Type II diabetes before development was discontinued, however it continues to be widely used in animal research into the functions of SIRT1.
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