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2. Linguistic competence - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_competence

   The distinction is widely adopted in formal linguistics, where competence and performance are typically studied independently. However, it is not used in other approaches including functional linguistics and cognitive linguistics , and it has been criticized in particular for turning performance into a wastebasket for hard-to-handle phenomena.

3. Honorifics (linguistics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honorifics_(linguistics)

   In linguistics, an honorific (abbreviated HON) is a grammatical or morphosyntactic form that encodes the relative social status of the participants of the conversation. . Distinct from honorific titles, linguistic honorifics convey formality FORM, social distance, politeness POL, humility HBL, deference, or respect through the choice of an alternate form such as an affix, clitic, grammatical ...

4. Communicative competence - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communicative_competence

   The concept of communicative competence, as developed in linguistics, originated in response to perceived inadequacy of the notion of linguistic competence.That is, communicative competence encompasses a language user's grammatical knowledge of syntax, morphology, phonology and the like, but reconceives this knowledge as a functional, social understanding of how and when to use utterances ...

5. Hockett's design features - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockett's_design_features

   Hockett distinguished language from communication. While almost all animals communicate in some way, a communication system is only considered language if it possesses all of the above characteristics. Some animal communication systems are impressively sophisticated in the sense that they possess a significant number of the design features as ...

6. Cognitive academic language proficiency - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_Academic...

   Carolyn Edelsky was an early critic of the BICS/CALP distinction, arguing that academic language is measured inaccurately by relying on "test-wiseness". [2] Cummins countered this by noting that academic language proficiency does not rely "on test scores as support for either its construct validity or relevance to education". [2]

7. Register (sociolinguistics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Register_(sociolinguistics)

   In sociolinguistics, a register is a variety of language used for a particular purpose or particular communicative situation. For example, when speaking officially or in a public setting, an English speaker may be more likely to follow prescriptive norms for formal usage than in a casual setting, for example, by pronouncing words ending in -ing with a velar nasal instead of an alveolar nasal ...

8. Ethnography of communication - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnography_of_communication

   Dell Hymes proposed the ethnography of communication as an approach towards analyzing patterns of language use within speech communities, in order to provide support for his idea of communicative competence, which itself was a reaction to Noam Chomsky's distinction between linguistic competence and linguistic performance. [3]

9. Linguistic performance - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_performance

   Part of the motivation for the distinction between performance and competence comes from speech errors: despite having a perfect understanding of the correct forms, a speaker of a language may unintentionally produce incorrect forms. This is because performance occurs in real situations, and so is subject to many non-linguistic influences.