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In Vietnam, the areca nut and the betel leaf are such important symbols of love and marriage that in Vietnamese the phrase "matters of betel and areca" (chuyện trầu cau) were historically synonymous with marriage. Areca nut chewing starts the talk between the groom's parents and the bride's parents about the young couple's marriage.
The areca nut (/ ˈ ær ɪ k ə / or / ə ˈ r iː k ə /) or betel nut is the fruit of the areca palm (Areca catechu). The palm is originally native to the Philippines , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] but was carried widely through the tropics by the Austronesian migrations and trade since at least 1500 B.C. due to its use in betel nut chewing . [ 1 ]
Dried products such as paan masala and gutkha have higher concentrations of areca nut and appear to cause the disease. Areca nut is the definitive causative agent of OSF. [8] A new term was introduced by Sharma et al., in 2024 "Areca Nut induced Oral Fibrosis (AIOF)" since fibrosis in the oral cavity can occur due to various causes and thus ...
Areca nut, Calcium hydroxide and catechu were the historic ingredients, as referenced in texts from 9th century CE. Tobacco started to feature in the 20th century. [10] [11] The practice of chewing betel leaf is on the decline, and now quid consisting of tobacco, areca nut, and limewater, known as gutka, is more popular. [11]
The best-known member of the genus is A. catechu, the areca nut palm. [1] [4] Several species of areca nuts, known for their bitter and tangy taste, raw or dried, are routinely used for chewing, especially in combination with the leaves of betel and dried leaves of tobacco.
Gutka street vendor, India. Gutka, ghutka, guṭkha is a type of betel quid and chewing tobacco preparation made of crushed areca nut (also called betel nut), tobacco, catechu, paraffin wax, slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) and sweet or savory flavourings, in India, Pakistan, other Asian countries, and North America.
Arecoline (/ ə ˈ r ɛ k ə l iː n /) is a nicotinic acid-based mild parasympathomimetic stimulant alkaloid found in the areca nut, the fruit of the areca palm (Areca catechu). [2] It is an odourless oily liquid. It can bring a sense of enhanced alertness and energy along with mild feelings of euphoria and relaxation.
Chewing betel quid (paan) and Areca nut-based products is known to be a strong risk factor for developing oral cancer even in the absence of tobacco. It doubles the risk of oral cancer 2.1 times [ 20 ] and when chewed with additional tobacco in its preparation (like in gutka ), there is an even higher risk.