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Multiple-effect distillation or multi-effect distillation (MED) is a distillation process often used for sea water desalination. It consists of multiple stages or "effects". In each stage the feed water is heated by steam in tubes, usually by spraying saline water onto them.
A reverse osmosis plant is a manufacturing plant where the process of reverse osmosis takes place. Reverse osmosis is a common process to purify or desalinate contaminated water by forcing water through a membrane. Water produced by reverse osmosis may be used for a variety of purposes, including desalination, wastewater treatment ...
Brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO) is the desalination of water with less salt than seawater, usually from river estuaries or saline wells. The process is substantially the same as SWRO, but requires lower pressures and less energy. [1] Up to 80% of the feed water input can be recovered as fresh water, depending on feed salinity.
Schematic of a 5 stage 'once-through' multi-stage flash desalinator. Practical systems frequently have many more stages. A - Steam in B - Seawater in C - Potable water out D - Brine out (waste) E - Condensate out F - Heat exchange G - Condensation collection H - Brine heater MSF Desalination Plant at Jebel Ali G Station, Dubai
Cost: A$5.7 billion: Energy generation offset: Windfarm at Glenthompson (proposed) Technology: Reverse Osmosis (proposed) Percent of water supply: Estimated 33% of Melbourne: Operation date: December 2012
Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) is a technique to separate a solvent (for example, fresh water) from a solution that is more concentrated (e.g. sea water) and also pressurized. A semipermeable membrane allows the solvent to pass to the concentrated solution side by osmosis . [ 1 ]
The first method utilizes an ejector system motivated by steam at manometric pressure from an external source in order to recycle vapor from the desalination process. The form is designated ejectocompression or thermocompression. Using the second method, water vapor is compressed by means of a mechanical device, electrically driven in most cases.
Energy recovery devices are installed to harness the pressure in the saline concentrate stream and use it to pressurise some of the feed water. As a result, the high pressure pumps are only needed to deliver half of the water feeding the reverse osmosis system, reducing energy consumption in the plant by up to 40 per cent.
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