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Multiple-effect distillation or multi-effect distillation (MED) is a distillation process often used for sea water desalination. It consists of multiple stages or "effects". In each stage the feed water is heated by steam in tubes, usually by spraying saline water onto them.
A reverse osmosis plant is a manufacturing plant where the process of reverse osmosis takes place. Reverse osmosis is a common process to purify or desalinate contaminated water by forcing water through a membrane. Water produced by reverse osmosis may be used for a variety of purposes, including desalination, wastewater treatment ...
Brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO) is the desalination of water with less salt than seawater, usually from river estuaries or saline wells. The process is substantially the same as SWRO, but requires lower pressures and less energy. [1] Up to 80% of the feed water input can be recovered as fresh water, depending on feed salinity.
Schematic of a 5 stage 'once-through' multi-stage flash desalinator. Practical systems frequently have many more stages. A - Steam in B - Seawater in C - Potable water out D - Brine out (waste) E - Condensate out F - Heat exchange G - Condensation collection H - Brine heater MSF Desalination Plant at Jebel Ali G Station, Dubai
The second system type is a so-called two-loop plant with a capacity of around 2,000 litres per day (530 US gal/d). Here, the collector circuit is separated from the desalination circuit by a saltwater resistant heat exchanger. [7] Based on these two system types, a various number of prototypes were developed, installed and observed.
Electrodialysis reversal (EDR) is an electrodialysis reversal water desalination membrane process that has been commercially used since the early 1960s. [1] An electric current migrates dissolved salt ions, including fluorides, nitrates and sulfates, through an electrodialysis stack consisting of alternating layers of cationic and anionic ion exchange membranes.
NEWater is produced by further purifying conventionally treated wastewater through microfiltration, reverse osmosis and ultraviolet radiation. The water is potable quality and can be added to drinking water supply reservoirs where it is withdrawn and treated again in conventional water treatment plants before being distributed to consumers.
The first method utilizes an ejector system motivated by steam at manometric pressure from an external source in order to recycle vapor from the desalination process. The form is designated ejectocompression or thermocompression. Using the second method, water vapor is compressed by means of a mechanical device, electrically driven in most cases.
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